The Battery: How Portable Power Sparked a Technological Revolution
Author: Henry Schlesinger File Type: epub In the tradition of Mark Kurlanskys Cod and David Bodaniss E=MC2, The Battery is the first popular history of the technology that harnessed electricity and powered the greatest scientific and technological advances of our time.What began as a long-running dispute in biology, involving a dead frogs twitching leg, a scalpel, and a metal plate, would become an invention that transformed the history of the world the battery. From Alessandro Voltas first copper-and-zinc model in 1800 to twenty-first-century technological breakthroughs, science journalist Henry Schlesinger traces the history of this essential power source and demonstrates its impact on our lives.Voltas first battery not only settled the frogs leg question, it also unleashed a field of scientific research that led to the discovery of new elements and new inventions, from Samuel Morses telegraph to Alexander Graham Bells telephone to Thomas Edisons incandescent lightbulb. And recent advances like nanotechnology are poised to create a new generation of paradigm-shifting energy sources.Schlesinger introduces the charlatans and geniuses, paupers and magnates, attracted to the power of the battery, including Michael Faraday, Guglielmo Marconi, Gaylord Wilshire, and Hugo Gernsback, the publisher and would-be inventor who coined the term science fiction. A kaleidoscopic tour of an ingenious invention that helped usher in the modern world, The Battery is as entertaining as it is enlightening.
Author: Nicholas Reeves
File Type: epub
Nicholas Reevess radical interpretation of a revolutionary kingnow available in paperback.One of the most compelling and controversial figures in ancient Egyptian history, Akhenaten has captured the imagination like no other Egyptian pharaoh. Much has been written about this strange, persecuted figure, whose depiction in effigies is totally at odds with the traditional depiction of the Egyptian ruler-hero. Akhenaten sought to impose upon Egypt and its people the worship of a single godthe sun godand in so doing changed the country in every way. In Akhenaten , Nicholas Reeves presents an entirely new perspective on the turbulent events of Akhenatens seventeen-year reign. Reeves argues that, far from being the idealistic founder of a new faith, the Egyptian ruler cynically used religion for political gain in a calculated attempt to reassert the authority of the king and concentrate all power in his hands. Backed by abundant archaeological and documentary evidence, Reevess narrative also provides many new insights into questions that have baffled scholars for generationsthe puzzle of the body in Tomb 55 in the Valley of the Kings the fate of Nefertiti, Akhenatens beautiful wife the identity of his mysterious successor, Smenkhkare and the theory that Tutankhamun, Akhenatens son and heir to the throne, was murdered. 60 color illustrations
Author: Paul Collins
File Type: epub
The sensational story of the last two centuries of the papacy, its most influential pontiffs, troubling doctrines, and rise in global authority In 1799, the papacy was at rock bottom The Papal States had been swept away and Rome seized by the revolutionary French armies. With cardinals scattered across Europe and the next papal election uncertain, even if Catholicism survived, it seemed the papacy was finished. In this gripping narrative of religious and political history, Paul Collins tells the improbable success story of the last 220 years of the papacy, from the unexalted death of Pope Pius VI in 1799 to the celebrity of Pope Francis today. In a strange contradiction, as the papacy has lost its physical power--its armies and states--and remained stubbornly opposed to the currents of social and scientific consensus, it has only increased its influence and political authority in the world. **
Author: Igor Griva
File Type: pdf
This book introduces the applications, theory, and algorithms of linear and nonlinear optimization, with an emphasis on the practical aspects of the material. Its unique modular structure provides flexibility to accommodate the varying needs of instructors, students, and practitioners with different levels of sophistication in these topics. The succinct style of this second edition is punctuated with numerous real-life examples and exercises, and the authors include accessible explanations of topics that are not often mentioned in textbooks, such as duality in nonlinear optimization, primal-dual methods for nonlinear optimization, filter methods, and applications such as support-vector machines.Part I of Linear and Nonlinear Optimization, Second Edition provides fundamentals that can be taught in whole or in part at the beginning of a course on either topic and then referred to as needed. Part II on linear programming and Part III on unconstrained optimization can be used together or separately, and Part IV on nonlinear optimization can be taught without having studied the material in Part II. In the preface the authors suggest course outlines that can be adjusted to the requirements of a particular course on both linear and nonlinear optimization, or to separate courses on these topics. Three appendices provide information on linear algebra, other fundamentals, and software packages for optimization problems. A supplemental website offers auxiliary data sets that are necessary for some of the exercises.Audience This book is primarily intended for use in linear and nonlinear optimization courses for advanced undergraduate and graduate students. It is also appropriate as a tutorial for researchers and practitioners who need to understand the modern algorithms of linear and nonlinear optimization to apply them to problems in science and engineering.Contents Preface Part I Basics Chapter 1 Optimization Models Chapter 2 Fundamentals of Optimization Chapter 3 Representation of Linear Constraints Part II Linear Programming Chapter 4 Geometry of Linear Programming Chapter 5 The Simplex Method Chapter 6 Duality and Sensitivity Chapter 7 Enhancements of the Simplex Method Chapter 8 Network Problems Chapter 9 Computational Complexity of Linear Programming Chapter 10 Interior-Point Methods of Linear Programming Part III Unconstrained Optimization Chapter 11 Basics of Unconstrained Optimization Chapter 12 Methods for Unconstrained Optimization Chapter 13 Low-Storage Methods for Unconstrained Problems Part IV Nonlinear Optimization Chapter 14 Optimality Conditions for Constrained Problems Chapter 15 Feasible-Point Methods Chapter 16 Penalty and Barrier Methods Part V Appendices Appendix A Topics from Linear Algebra Appendix B Other Fundamentals Appendix C Software Bibliography Index**
Author: C. J. Arnold
File Type: pdf
An Archaeology of the Early Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms is a volume which offers an unparalleled view of the archaeological remains of the period. Using the development of the kingdoms as a framework, this study closely examines the wealth of material evidence and analyzes its significance to our understanding of the society that created it. From our understanding of the migrations of the Germanic peoples into the British Isles, the subsequent patterns of settlement, land-use, trade, through to social hierarchy and cultural identity within the kingdoms, this fully revised edition illuminates one of the most obscure and misunderstood periods in European history.ReviewThis is certainly a book which I would encourage students to read and discuss. It is full of ideas and should be welcomed as opening new and hopefully more fruitful debates in Anglo-Saxon archaeology.*Medieval Archaeology* An Archaeology of the Early Anglo-Saxon Kingdoms has for nearly a decade been used by students seeking an introduction to the field. In this new, fully revised edition of Arnolds essential text all of the key recent finds and developments in the field of Anglo-Saxon studies have been incorporated. With an expanded text and an increased number of informative illustrations, C. J. Arnold confronts the key questions facing students who seek to understand how the foundations of medieval England were laid How did kingdoms form out of the chaos of the Dark Ages? How was it that a deeply superstitious people came to embrace Christianity? What was the fate of Britains native populations at the hand of invading peoples? Firmly basing its arguments upon archaeological evidence, the book introduces students to the fascinating dichotomies of Anglo-Saxon society. It acts both as a reliable guide to historical fact and as an invaluable introduction to the key debates currently spurring research in the field.
Author: Viv Albertine
File Type: epub
What was I fighting for? Even now Im not sure. Something so old and so deep, it has no words, no shape, no logic.Every memoir is a battle between reality and invention - but in her follow up to Clothes, Music, Boys, Viv Albertine has reinvented the genre with her unflinching honesty. To Throw Away Unopened is a fearless dissection of one womans obsession with the truth - the truth about family, power, and her identity as a rebel and outsider. It is a gaping wound of a book, both an exercise in blood-letting and psychological archaeology, excavating what lies beneath the fear, the loneliness, the anger. It is a brutal expose of human dysfunctionality, the impossibility of true intimacy, and the damage wrought upon us by secrets and revelations, siblings and parents.Yet it is also a testament to how we can rebuild ourselves and come to face the world again. It is a portrait of the love stories that constitute a life, often bringing as much pain as joy. With the inimitable blend of humour, vulnerability, and intelligence that makes Viv Albertine one of our finest authors working today, To Throw Away Unopened smashes through layers of propriety and leads us into a new place of savage self-discovery.
Author: Daniel Fried
File Type: pdf
Provides a new perspective on important linguistic issues in philosophical and religious Daoism through the comparative lens of twentieth-century European philosophies of language. From its earliest origins in the Dao De Jing, Daoism has been known as a movement that is skeptical of the ability of language to fully express the truth. While many scholars have compared the earliest works of Daoism to language-skeptical movements in twentieth-century European philosophy and have debated to what degree early Daoism does or does not resemble these recent movements, Daniel Fried breaks new ground by examining a much broader array of Daoist materials from ancient and medieval China and showing how these works influenced ideas about language in medieval religion, literature, and politics. Through an extended comparison with a broad sample of European philosophical works, the book explores how ideas about language grow out of a given historical moment and advances a larger argument about how philosophical and religious ideas cannot be divided into content and context. Daniel Fried is Associate Professor of Chinese and Comparative Literature at the University of Alberta, and is President of the Association of Chinese and Comparative Literature. **
Author: Matthew Kieran
File Type: pdf
Artworks potentially convey two kinds of knowledge knowledge of art itself as well as general empirical knowledge, especially knowledge of human psychology. This book collects ten essays written by leading philosophers who distill and build upon recent work at the intersection of aesthetics and epistemology. The volume also explores the challenges that art poses for theories of knowledge as well as the challenges that artistic knowledge poses to traditional views about art.Review [...] a variety of articles which reaffirm the cognitive character of art from diverse perspectives, among which they emphasize clearly the notion of art as a powerful tool in the realm of modal knowledge. Sixto J. Castro in Estudios Filosoficos 164, 2008 (translated from Spanish) From the Back CoverArtworks potentially convey two kinds of knowledge. They obviously afford knowledge of art itself, and they also afford general empirical knowledge, especially knowledge of human psychology and value. Knowing Art collects ten original essays written by leading philosophers who distill and build upon recent work at the intersection of aesthetics and epistemology. Specific topics addressed include the objectivity of critical knowledge, the quality of critical testimony, the roles of principles and perception in critical reasoning, phenomenal knowledge of what a work of art is like, the acquisition of factual information and psychological understanding from fictions, and the limits of images as sources of historical evidence. In addressing these topics, the volume also explores the challenges that art poses for theories of knowledge as well as the challenges that artistic knowledge poses to traditional views about art.
Author: Harold Entwistle
File Type: pdf
Antonio Gramsci is one of the few Marxist theoreticians to have considered the role and nature of education, yet paradoxically his revolutionary, political and social theory seems at odds with his conservative approach to the contentand processes of schooling. This book, originally published in 1979,examines his educational, political and cultural writings in an effort to resolve this apparent discrepancy.Gramscis relevance lies in his treatment, in the context of his radical political theory, of themes which currently exercise modern radical educationists. Among the subjects he discusses are the sociology of the curriculum, the apparent discontinuity between the culture of school and that of daily life, problems of literacy and language in education, the role of the state in the provision of education, the cultivation of elites and the role of intellectuals, the relative functions of authority and spontaneity in education and the ambiguious relationship of these to differing political ideologies, particularly Fascism.