Glassware generously provided by http://www.alchemylabsupply.com/ Use the discount code "copper" for a 5% discount. Donate to NurdRage! Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage Through Bitcoin: 1NurdRAge7PNR4ULrbrpcYvc9RC4LDp9pS In this video we synthesis ethyl propionate by fischer esterification of ethanol with propionic acid. This video sponsored by: ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iwcQO9pxAGE

I have a very exciting progress report: I've successfully made sodium by the alcohol catalyzed magnesium reduction approach! After many failures i decided to go to other end of the spectrum and try an experiment constructed under ideal conditions that would have far greater chances of working. While it would be thousands of times more expensive to make sodium this way, it would nonetheless prove or disprove whether it was possible. If it failed, it would show it was impossible or just very hard and thus not worth pursuing with my limited time. To do it, 10mL of 7-hexyl-7-tridecanol were placed in a flask with 0.5g sodium metal (to jump start the reaction). A reflux condenser was fitted over the flask and the contents heated until the sodium melted and dissolved. 3g of magnesium metal was added and heated for another 30 minutes. 4g of sodium hydroxide was added and heated for three hours. Tiny spheres of sodium formed as alcohol catalyzed the reaction of sodium hydroxide and magnesium metal. This was a success. And thus proves that we can make sodium this way and thus it's worth to keep trying for cheaper conditions. Related videos: ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D4vDwQ4TyIc

How to Make Potassium Chlorate from Bleach and sodium-free salt. Warning: This produces small amounts of chlorine gas, this should be done outside or in a fumehood. Potassium chlorate is a useful oxidizer and small amounts can be easily made using household chemicals. Start by boiling a large quantity of household laundry bleach, at least half a liter, until crystals start to precipitate. Immediately take it off heating and let it cool. As it cools make a saturated solution of potassium chloride. Potassium chloride is sold as a "sodium-free" salt substitute. Now once the bleach is cooled, measure out an equal volume of potassium chloride solution and pour into the boiled bleach solution but do not mix in the crystals. Stir up the mixture and eventually potassium chlorate crystals will precipitate out. What's happening is the sodium hypochlorite in the bleach is disproportionating to form sodium chloride and sodium chlorate. Adding the potassium chloride exchanges the ions and precipitates out potassium chlorate. The boiling is required for this reaction to work; you can't simply let the bleach evaporate. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JtxQT7aVDeg

In this video i synthesize nitrosylsulfuric acid and isopropyl nitrite, and i tried to make sodium nitrite but i failed. My original goal was to make sodium nitrite. Sodium nitrite sets itself apart from the more common sodium nitrate by having one less oxygen atom, which makes it quite unstable under various conditions. This particular challenge intrigued me, and I thought I'd give it a try, even though I knew it's notoriously tricky for amateur chemists like me to produce. I wanted to develop a low-temperature method, which involved several chemical reactions. I began by crafting nitrosylsulfuric acid from fuming nitric acid and sulfur dioxide. Having successfully created nitrosylsulfuric acid, I moved on to the next stage: generating isopropyl nitrite. The idea was to eventually use this compound to produce sodium nitrite. The formation of isopropyl nitrite was quite intricate and required careful temperature control to keep the reagents and products stable. I attempted to break down isopropyl nitrite into sodium nitrite using sodium hydroxide and methanol but this failed. I ended up with the decomposition of isopropyl nitrite instead. But at least i found a way to make isopropyl nitrite without starting with nitrites. Donate to NurdRage! Through Patreon (preferred): https://www.patreon.com/NurdRage Through Youtube Memberships: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCIgKGGJkt1MrNmhq3vRibYA/join Twitter: https://twitter.com/NurdRage Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/r/NurdRage/ Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/nurdrageyoutube/ ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GsN7r6QkpRA