The video shows an animated bar graph that compares the GDP per capita of the 12 South American countries from 1990 to 2019. Gross domestic product (GDP) is the sum of all goods and services produced at a given location and time. Per capita GDP is the gross domestic product divided by the local population. The unit shown in the graph is the international dollar, a currency unit created to compare different economies, taking into account the purchasing power in each country.