Author: Rajendra Chetty File Type: pdf Ronnie Govenders works are significant in the construction of a South African national identity. The purpose of this book is to engage critically with race, class and resistance through a collection of essays on Govenders oeuvre. His writings are re-invigorated by close reading within the context of postcolonial and critical theory. Govender recalls the resilience of the multiracial community of Cato Manor whose democratic coexistence and mutual respect comprise a model for the new nation. As a memory work, his texts recollect private and community identity in the wounded spaces of colonial and apartheid oppression. Events of the past should be interpreted in a creative and imaginative way and literature enlightens it best. Govenders unique performative prose reconstructs and resurrects the lives of the residents of Cato Manor, their vitality and humour, pain and humiliation a vibrant, racially integrated community destroyed by the South African apartheid regimes notorious Group Areas Act. The book seeks to redress that marginalisation and awaken readers to the bravery and creativity of a small, defiant community in the face of forced removals and social injustice. This book reveals Govenders central concern for human dignityhis innate sensitivity to the unspoken pain of oppressed people. The book invites the reader to connect and contrast Govender with a range of contexts and intertextualitiesfrom post-colonial to African continental, from the diasporic to the politically analogous. Govenders radical shift from colonial obeisance theatre to a revelation of raw existence and authentic living is reflected by questioning, dis-comforting and aggrieving. **

Author: Lucy M. Maulsby File Type: pdf Fascism, Architecture, and the Claiming of Modern Milan, 19221943chronicles the dramatic architectural and urban transformation of Milan during the nearly twenty years of fascist rule. The commercial and financial centre of Italy and the birthplace of fascism, Milan played a central role in constructing fascisms national image and identity as it advanced from a revolutionary movement to an established state power. Using a wide range of archival sources, Lucy M. Maulsby analyses the public buildings, from the relatively modest party headquarters to the grandiose Palace of Justice and the Palazzo delPopolo dItalia, through which Mussolini intended to enhance the citys image and solidify fascisms presence in Milan. Maulsby establishes the extent to which Milans economic structure, social composition, and cultural orientation affected Il Duces plans for the city, demonstrating the influences on urban development that were beyond the control of the fascist regime. By placing Milans urban change in its historic context, this book expands our understanding of the relationship between fascism and the modern city. **

Author: Niccolò Machiavelli File Type: epub Few figures in intellectual history have proved as notorious and ambiguous as Niccolo Machiavelli. But while his treatise The Prince made his name synonymous with autocratic ruthlessness and cynical manipulation, The Discourses (c.1517) shows a radically different outlook on the world of politics. In this carefully argued commentary on Livys history of republican Rome, Machiavelli proposed a system of government that would uphold civic freedom and security by instilling the virtues of active citizenship, and that would also encourage citizens to put the needs of the state above selfish, personal interests. Ambitious in scope, but also clear-eyed and pragmatic, The Discourses creates a modern theory of republic politics.Leslie J. Walkers definitive translation has been revised by Brian Richardson and is accompanied by an introduction by Bernard Crick, which illuminates Machiavellis historical context and his new theories of politics. This edition also includes suggestions for further reading and notes.**Language NotesText English (translation) Original Language Italian About the Author Niccolo di Bernardo dei Machiavelli (14691527) was an Italian historian, philosopher, humanist, and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance. He is one of the main founders of modern political science.[1] He was a diplomat, political philosopher, playwright, and a civil servant of the Florentine Republic. He also wrote comedies, carnival songs, poetry, and some of the most well-known personal correspondence in the Italian language. His position in the regime of Florence as Secretary to the Second Chancery of the Republic of Florence lasted from 1498 to 1512, a period in which the Medici were not in power. Machiavellis most well-known writing was, however, after this period, during the time when the Medici recovered power, and Machiavelli was removed from all positions of responsibility.

Author: Edd Applegate File Type: mobi In this unique work of scholarship, Edd Applegate surveys the key figures and events that transformed the American business landscape from its colonial beginnings to that Mad Men moment when advertising went professional. In The Rise of Advertising in the United States A History of Innovation to 1960, Applegate traces how the explosion of newspapers in the American colonies laid the groundwork for the first advertising agents, leading to Americas first class of professional marketers. This entrepreneurial class of new white-collar professionals thrived on innovation in the quest for more publicity, larger clients, and greater sales. Some of the thought-leaders in what remained a novel, ever-changing form of communication include P. T. Barnum, master of the advertising gimmick Lydia Pinkham, queen of the patent medicine cure John Wanamaker, progenitor of modern retail advertising Albert Lasker, the formulator of reason why advertising Stanley Resor, the consummate market researcher Elliott White Springs, the groundbreaking purveyor of the sexual innuendo Applegate records the achievements of these individuals and others up until 1960, when advertising underwent a remarkable change, becoming a post-war subject of study and scholarship in Americas colleges and universities. Written for those interested in learning about a select group of movers and shakers in this key area of American business, The Rise of Advertising in the United States should appeal to anyone interested in American business history. **ReviewAdvertising is as American as apple pie, dating back to the 17th century and the arrival of the first printing presses in the American colonies, as Applegate (advertising and mass communications, Middle Tennessee State Univ.) recounts in this book. He notes that handbills, newspapers, and Benjamin Franklins own Pennsylvania Gazette gave advertisers a means to reach potential customers. The emergence of advertising agents in the 1800s made advertising more effective, helping businesses to write and format ads. Applegate describes products and stores that soon became household names--the power brands of their day. One of the first, Lydia Pinkhams Vegetable Compound, became the surest remedy for the painful ills and disorders suffered by women everywhere. John Wanamaker used advertising to turn his Philadelphia mens clothing store into the largest department store of its kind in 1876, advertising whole suits for three dollars. As advertising grew, so did the nations manufacturers and merchandisers, including soap maker Procter & Gamble, known for its soap that floats. By the 1900s, advertisers agreed that sex sells. In the final chapter, Applegate traces the history of how advertising became a subject taught in US colleges and universities. Summing Up Recommended. (CHOICE) In The Rise of Advertising in the United States A History of Innovation to 1960, Edd Applegate traces how the explosion of newspapers in the American colonies laid the groundwork for the first advertising agents, leading to Americas first class of professional marketers. From the sensational antics of P.T. Barnum to the retail marketing magic of John Wanamaker, Applegate surveys the key figures and events that transformed the American business landscape from its colonial beginnings to that Mad Men moment when advertising went professional. About the Author Edd Applegate has taught undergraduate and graduate courses in advertising and mass communications for more than thirty years. He has written extensively about advertising, including several books, numerous chapters and entries for other books and encyclopedias, and several articles for refereed academic journals and conference proceedings.