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Cisco CCNA Packet Tracer Ultimate labs: MAC Address Learning and Flooding (Part 1)
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The MAC address table contains address information that the switch uses to forward traffic between ports. All MAC addresses in the address table are associated with one or more ports. The address table includes these types of addresses:
•Dynamic address: a source MAC address that the switch learns and then ages when it is not in use.
•Static address: a manually entered unicast address that does not age and that is not lost when the switch resets.
The address table lists the destination MAC address, the associated VLAN ID, and port number associated with the address and the type (static or dynamic).
By default, MAC address learning is enabled on all interfaces and VLANs on the router. You can control MAC address learning on an interface or VLAN to manage the available MAC address table space by controlling which interfaces or VLANs can learn MAC addresses. Before you disable MAC address learning, be sure that you are familiar with the network topology and the router system configuration. Disabling MAC address learning on an interface or VLAN could cause flooding in the network.
Transcription:
In this video, I’m going to discuss how MAC address tables are populated on switches.
I find that there’s often confusion about how MAC address tables work and how frames are flooded in layer 2 switches.
In this example, I’ve got a layer 2 switch.
In other words I haven’t configured any VLANs.
This switch is essentially doesn’t have any configuration apart from the default configuration.
When a switch first boots up, it doesn’t know about any MAC addresses in the network, unless you’ve statically configured them. To simulate that, I’m going to power cycle the devices in packet tracer and I’ll connect it to the console of the switch.
So essentially, this switch doesn’t know about the MAC addresses of the PCs in the topology when the switch first boots up.
so show mac address-table
Notice the MAC address table is empty. The switch doesn’t know the MAC addresses of these 4 PCs. The only way the switch is going to learn the MAC addresses of these devices is if they send traffic into the network.
Now in the real world, operating systems such as Windows, broadcast packets when they boot up. So switches will learn the MAC addresses of Windows devices when they first start up.
In this exa
...
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The MAC address table contains address information that the switch uses to forward traffic between ports. All MAC addresses in the address table are associated with one or more ports. The address table includes these types of addresses:
•Dynamic address: a source MAC address that the switch learns and then ages when it is not in use.
•Static address: a manually entered unicast address that does not age and that is not lost when the switch resets.
The address table lists the destination MAC address, the associated VLAN ID, and port number associated with the address and the type (static or dynamic).
By default, MAC address learning is enabled on all interfaces and VLANs on the router. You can control MAC address learning on an interface or VLAN to manage the available MAC address table space by controlling which interfaces or VLANs can learn MAC addresses. Before you disable MAC address learning, be sure that you are familiar with the network topology and the router system configuration. Disabling MAC address learning on an interface or VLAN could cause flooding in the network.
Transcription:
In this video, I’m going to discuss how MAC address tables are populated on switches.
I find that there’s often confusion about how MAC address tables work and how frames are flooded in layer 2 switches.
In this example, I’ve got a layer 2 switch.
In other words I haven’t configured any VLANs.
This switch is essentially doesn’t have any configuration apart from the default configuration.
When a switch first boots up, it doesn’t know about any MAC addresses in the network, unless you’ve statically configured them. To simulate that, I’m going to power cycle the devices in packet tracer and I’ll connect it to the console of the switch.
So essentially, this switch doesn’t know about the MAC addresses of the PCs in the topology when the switch first boots up.
so show mac address-table
Notice the MAC address table is empty. The switch doesn’t know the MAC addresses of these 4 PCs. The only way the switch is going to learn the MAC addresses of these devices is if they send traffic into the network.
Now in the real world, operating systems such as Windows, broadcast packets when they boot up. So switches will learn the MAC addresses of Windows devices when they first start up.
In this exa
...
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wKtA31whDSQ
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Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) is a standardized exterior gateway protocol designed to exchange routing and reachability information among autonomous systems (AS) on the Internet.[1] The protocol is classified as a path vector protocol.[2] The Border Gateway Protocol makes routing decisions based on paths, network policies, or rule-sets configured by a network administrator and is involved in making core routing decisions.
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When BGP runs between two peers in the same autonomous system (AS), it is referred to as Internal BGP (iBGP or Interior Border Gateway Protocol). When it runs between different autonomous systems, it is called External BGP (eBGP or Exterior Border Gateway Protocol). Routers on the boundary of one AS exchanging information with another AS are called border or edge routers or simply eBGP peers and are typically connected directly, while iBGP peers can be interconnected through other intermediate routers. Other deployment topologies are also possible, such as running eBGP peering inside a VPN tunnel, allowing two remote sites to exchange routing information in a secure and isolated manner. The main difference between iBGP and eBGP peering is in the way routes that were received from one peer are propagated to other peers. For instance, new routes learned from an eBGP peer are typically redistributed to all iBGP peers as well as all other eBGP peers (if transit mode is enabled on the router). However, if new routes are learned on an iBGP peering, then they are re-advertised only to all eBGP peers. These route-propagation rules effectively require that all iBGP peers inside an AS are interconnected in a full mesh.
How routes are propagated can be controlled in detail via the route-maps me
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