Ancient Greece History Quiz - Only 1% Can Pass All
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The Golden Age of Piracy, spanning roughly from the late 17th century to the early 18th century, was a period marked by the rampant piracy in maritime history, particularly in the Caribbean, the American eastern seaboard, the West African coast, and the Indian Ocean. During this era, piracy was fueled by various factors, including the decline of European naval forces, the lucrative trade routes between Europe and the Americas, and the availability of experienced seafarers after wars.
Notorious pirates like Blackbeard, Calico Jack, Anne Bonny, and Bartholomew Roberts became legends, feared for their cunning and ruthlessness. They commandeered ships, looted merchant vessels, and even established their own maritime communities. The pirates of this era were known for their democratic governance, where captains were often elected, and loot was divided fairly among the crew.
The Golden Age of Piracy came to a gradual end due to increased naval patrols and the implementation of harsher punishments for piracy. The romanticized image of pirates from this period, often portrayed as rebellious and adventurous free spirits, remains a significant part of popular culture, inspiring numerous books, movies, and folklore. Despite its relatively short span, the Golden Age of Piracy left an indelible mark on history, symbolizing both the allure and peril of life at sea.
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The Library of Alexandria was founded around 285 BC by the Ptolemaic dynasty which ruled Egypt. Once the Library was complete, the Ptolemies began to collect all sorts of scrolls from the known world. Some of the greatest Greek scholars of their time were invited from places far and wide to live and study in the Great Library of Alexandria. As a result, Alexandria became an intellectual center for scholars who wanted to read previous works and develop new ideas about science, philosophy, or literature.
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Sources Consulted:
Mostafa El-Abbadi, Life and Fate of the Ancient Library of Alexandria (Second Edition, Paris, 1992).
Bartel Leendert van der Waerden and Christian Marinus Taisbak, ‘Euclid’, in Encyclopaedia Britannica, 15th edition (2009).
Kelly Trumble and Robina Marshall MacIntrye, The Library of Alexandria (New York, 2003).
J. M. Rist, ‘Hypatia’, in Phoenix, Vol. 19, No. 3 (1965), pp. 214–225.
J. L. Berggren, ‘The Life and Death of Hypatia’, in Metascience, Vol. 18, No. 1 (February, 2009), pp. 93–97.
Michael Deakin, Hypatia of Alexandria: Mathematician and Martyr (New York, 2007).
Chapters:
00:00 - The City of Alexandria
01:11 - The Creation of the Library of Alexandria
03:10 - The Development of the Library of Alexandria
06:12 - Great Scholars of Alexandria
08:15 - Decline of the Library of Alexandria
10:36 - Greco-Roman Scholars of the Library
13:21 - Neoplatonism in Alexandria
14:02 - Disintegration of the Library of Alexandria
15:35 - Hypatia of Alexandria
19:12 - Destruction of the Library of Alexandria
20:51 - Outro
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Viking shieldmaidens were legendary female warriors from the Viking Age, which spanned from the late 8th century to the early 11th century in Northern Europe. While the historical existence of shieldmaidens is a subject of debate among historians, they are often depicted in Norse sagas and legends as skilled fighters who fought alongside Viking warriors.
The term "shieldmaiden" is derived from the Old Norse words "skjaldmær" (shield-maiden) and "skjöldmær" (shield-maid). These women were said to be proficient in combat, wielding weapons like swords, spears, and shields. They were also known for their courage and fearlessness in battle.
Despite their prominence in Norse mythology and sagas, there is limited concrete historical evidence to confirm the existence of actual shieldmaidens. It's possible that these legendary figures were inspired by real-life warrior women who played a role in Viking society, but their exact roles and significance remain a topic of scholarly discussion.
In popular culture and contemporary depictions, Viking shieldmaidens continue to be celebrated as symbols of strength, independence, and resilience, contributing to the enduring fascination with the Viking Age and its warriors.
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Belisarius was a Byzantine general, one of the most notable military commanders in history, serving under Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century. He was instrumental in the reconquest of much of the Mediterranean territory that had been lost to the early Byzantine Empire. Belisarius is renowned for his leadership in the Gothic War, where he reconquered large parts of the Italian peninsula, and in the Vandalic War in North Africa. He was also key in defeating the Persians at the Battle of Dara. Despite his military successes, his career was marked by a series of highs and lows, due in part to the complex and often treacherous politics of the Byzantine court. He remains a symbol of loyalty and military genius, known for his strategic acumen, innovative tactics, and his ability to win battles against seemingly insurmountable odds.
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Rollo of Normandy, also known as Rollo the Viking, was a Norse Viking leader and the founder and first ruler of the region of Normandy in what is now France. He lived during the late 9th and early 10th centuries. Originally a Viking raider, he is best known for his role in the Viking settlement of the area and for being the forebear of the Normandy dynasty.
His early life is somewhat shrouded in mystery, but it is believed that Rollo was born in Scandinavia, possibly in Norway. He became known for leading daring raids along the coasts of France and England. In 911, after a series of confrontations with the French king Charles the Simple, Rollo entered into an agreement known as the Treaty of Saint-Clair-sur-Epte. This treaty granted him and his Viking followers land along the Seine River in exchange for his conversion to Christianity and his pledge to defend the area against other Viking raiders.
This territory eventually became known as Normandy, deriving its name from the Norsemen (or Northmen) who settled there. Rollo is credited with laying the foundation for the powerful Duchy of Normandy, which would later play a significant role in European history, particularly through his descendant, William the Conqueror, who invaded and conquered England in 1066.
Rollo's integration of Norse Viking and Frankish traditions, his establishment of a strong feudal system, and his efforts to promote Christianity and peace in the region had a lasting impact on the development of medieval Normandy. His legacy is celebrated in both French and Norse history, illustrating the blending of Viking and Frankish cultures in medieval Europe.
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