https://www.cell.com/chem/fulltext/S2451-9294(16)30023-7
Highlights
•
Graphene oxide (GO) induces ruffling and shedding of mammalian cell plasma membranes
•
GO-induced plasma membrane responses induce loss of contact inhibition in RBL cells
•
GO-treated plasma membranes undergo nuanced structural and functional changes
The Bigger Picture
It is essential to understand the biological effects of nanomaterials to safely and effectively deploy them in living cells. Graphene oxide (GO) is a leading candidate material for use within biological systems because of its low cost, water solubility, and low toxicity. Here, we identified changes in mammalian cell behavior and the plasma membranes in the presence of GO. GO induces dramatic ruffling and shedding of plasma membranes, which correlates with the formation of uncharacteristic multilayers in these cells. These findings should encourage others to look for non-lethal cellular responses by GO or GO composites in other contexts. Once the biochemical basis of these effects is better understood, GO's ability to present multiple functional chemical handles and modulate cellular responses might be exploited for tissue engineering, stem cell differentiation, or reducing the invasiveness of cancer cells.
Summary
Graphene oxide (GO) has attracted intense interest for use in living systems and environmental applications. GO's compatibility with mammalian cells is sometimes inferred from its low cytotoxicity, but such conclusions ignore non-lethal effects that will influence GO's utility. Here, we used confocal and live-cell fluorescence microscopy, as well as scanning electron microscopy, of rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) cells to demonstrate profound plasma membrane (PM) ruffling and shedding induced by GO. These membrane structures contain immunoglobulin E receptors, are resistant to detergents, and lack detectable fluorescence labeling of F-actin and fibronectin. The formation of these membrane structures correlates with a loss of contact inhibition between RBL cells. We observed similar cellular responses toward GO for NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells and MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells. These findings reveal a previously uncharacterized cellular response toward foreign nanomaterials. Membrane ruffling and shedding raise fundamental questions about how GO interacts with the PM, as well as its potential to modulate cellular mechanosensing for tissue engineering, stem cell differentiation, and other biomedical applications.
MIRROR SOURCE:
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Contact Kate Shemirani Here: kateshemirani@gmail.com
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Frontline Workers Testimonies & VAERs Reports 26 MAR 2021 - [PDF DOC] PLEASE SHARE FAR AND WIDE!!!
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/informed-consent-matters:7
Polyethylene glycol as a cause of anaphylaxis [ingredient in COVID injections!] - PDF DOC
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/s13223-016-0172-7:f
Evidence for a Connection between COVID-19 and Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation from Wireless Telecommunications [PDF DOC]
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/Rubik-Brown-COVID-19-and-RFR-SUBMITTED:f
COVID-19 RNA Based Vaccines and the Risk of Prion Disease - PDF DOC
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/covid19-rna-based-vaccines-and-the-risk-of-prion-disease-1503(2):b
This is further to the refresh bug...
Re-posted videos becoming inactive, not working.
It worked before and 10 minutes later inactive/dead link
I go to the original video's channel to check it is still there it is, and it is working there...
Strangely I find one of my videos is there top left, knowing something is wrong, I refresh and it goes.
So, some very weird bugs surfacing, this video is made for Odysee support to make their job easier.
If you have had this issue lately, please do leave a comment below....
vaccinesReviewA Comparison of Plasmid DNA and mRNA asVaccine TechnologiesMargaret A. LiuProTherImmune, 3656 Happy Valley Road, Lafayette, CA 94549, USA; Liu@ProTherImmune.comReceived: 7 March 2019; Accepted: 19 April 2019; Published: 24 April 2019Abstract:This review provides a comparison of the theoretical issues and experimental findings forplasmid DNA and mRNA vaccine technologies. While both have been under development since the1990s, in recent years, significant excitement has turned to mRNA despite the licensure of severalveterinary DNA vaccines. Both have required efforts to increase their potency either via manipulatingthe plasmid DNA and the mRNA directly or through the addition of adjuvants or immunomodulatorsas well as delivery systems and formulations. The greater inherent inflammatory nature of the mRNAvaccines is discussed for both its potential immunological utility for vaccines and for the potentialtoxicity. The status of the clinical trials of mRNA vaccines is described along with a comparison toDNA vaccines, specifically the immunogenicity of both licensed veterinary DNA vaccines and selectDNA vaccine candidates in human clinical trials
?⚠️Correlation Report: COVID-19 vaccine-associated mortality in the Southern Hemisphere | 17 September 2023⚠️?
https://tinyurl.com/3bxd986y
⚠️Myocardial Injury after COVID-19 mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination 2023-07-20 ⚠️
https://tinyurl.com/5n6ubyzs
⚠️Autopsy-based histopathological characterization of myocarditis after anti-SARS-CoV-2-vaccination [PDF DOC]⚠️
https://bit.ly/3HHQJt9
⚠️A Case Report: Multifocal Necrotizing Encephalitis and Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination against COVID-19 ⚠️
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/10/1651
https://bit.ly/3xpvS7t
⚠️Autopsy-based histopathological characterization of myocarditis after anti-SARS-CoV-2-vaccination [PDF DOC]⚠️
https://bit.ly/3HHQJt9
?⚠️LATEST PFIZER DOCS LIST GRAPHENE OXIDE:⚠️?
https://bit.ly/40k8i8G
⚠️DETECTION OF GRAPHENE IN COVID19 VACCINES BY MICRO-RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY - Prof. Dr. Pablo Campra Madrid⚠️
https://bit.ly/3HI7brG
⚠️FOIs reveal that health/science institutions around the world (211 and counting!) have no record of SARS-COV-2 isolation/purification, anywhere, ever⚠️ https://bit.ly/3Gt39Uq
⚠️What is in the so-calledCOVID-19 “Vaccines”? Part 1: Evidence of a Global Crime Against Humanity:⚠️
https://ijvtpr.com/index.php/IJVTPR/article/view/52/121
https://bit.ly/3gXgQ4j
⚠️Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy Reveals Graphene Oxide in CoV-19 Vaccines⚠️
https://www.actascientific.com/ASMS/pdf/ASMS-06-1351.pdf
⚠️DOCUMENT: Evidence for a connection between 'coronavirus disease-19' and exposure to radiofrequency radiation from wireless communications including 5G [PDF DOC]⚠️
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/jclintranslres-2021-7-5-666:8
⚠️Case Briefing Document and lab report, shows GRAPHENE OXIDE FOUND IN ALL MRNA INJECTIONS, 11/02/2022⚠️
https://ukcitizen.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Case_Briefing_Document_050222.pdf
This report, ref AUC_101_Report, which was commissioned by EbMCsquared CiC and prepared and published by UNIT relates to initial findings and forms a strong case for continued further scientific investigation.
⚠️On the Clear Evidence of the Risks to Children from Smartphone and WiFi Radio Frequency Radiation [PDF]⚠️
https://bit.ly/3VKaOSY
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MIRROR SOURCE: Published February 24, 2022
https://rumble.com/c/ORWELLITO
https://rumble.com/vvpg7r-legal-impact-of-mrna-vaccines-chile-enacts-anti-discrimination-law-against-.html
More information: https://www.orwell.city/2022/02/mutants.html
Chile now has a law for mutants and genetically altered individuals. It's a rather peculiar law, in addition to the neuro-rights law, which also exists in that country.
What could be the reason for the enactment of this new law?
Obviously, the reason for the origin of this law —which will probably soon be replicated in other countries— is because there's already a considerable number of people in the population who are no longer human, but transgenic beings.
It's a known fact that COVID vaccines are mutagenic and alter human DNA.
Every day there's more evidence of this, especially with the birth of babies with black eyes and very curious physical characteristics, as described by Dr. Viviane Brunet.
In 2021, Dr. Chinda Brandolino warned the world that accepting an mRNA vaccine involves a change in the genome and that the person subjected to this experimental drug loses his human rights.
If you like the videos I subtitle and the content I post everyday on Orwell City, consider donating a small amount. Your support is always more than appreciated: https://www.orwell.city/p/donate.html
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?NEW!! - URGENT PUBLIC NOTICE: Covid-19 vaccines and various civil servants are now under criminal investigation - Case number: 6029679/21 PDF - PRINT/SHARE FAR AND WIDE! ?NEW!!
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/URGENT-PUBLIC-NOTICE-one-page:2
? Removing Nano Poisoning - REV3 - PDF Document?
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/Removing-Nano-poisoning-rev3-2020:3
? How to detox graphene oxide ?
https://www.holistichealthonline.info/how-to-detox-graphene-oxide/
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?NEW!! - CURRENT INFO TO SHARE TO FRIENDS AND LOVED ONES ABOUT THE BIO-WEAPON INJECTION [UK] - A4 ?
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?NEW!! - There is no variant... not novel... no pandemic. Dr David Martin with Reiner Fuellmich ?
https://www.bitchute.com/video/7lfuIhrGdBI1/
Flyers in PDF format, links to the source video:
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Polyethylene glycol as a cause of anaphylaxis [ingredient in COVID injections!] - PDF DOC
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/s13223-016-0172-7:f
Evidence for a Connection between COVID-19 and Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation from Wireless Telecommunications [PDF DOC]
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/Rubik-Brown-COVID-19-and-RFR-SUBMITTED:f
COVID-19 RNA Based Vaccines and the Risk of Prion Disease - PDF DOC
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/covid19-rna-based-vaccines-and-the-risk-of-prion-disease-1503(2):b
https://www.caymanchem.com/msdss/33474m.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM-102
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Mirror. Source
MARK STEELE CHANNEL, [12.01.2022 09:43] [ Video ] HERE IT IS EVERYONE - START TAKING ACTION - ITS OUR TIME TO PUSH THESE CRIMINALS AND HAVE THEM ARRESTED - https://www.saveusnow.org.uk/directors-of-public-health-criminal-investigation-notification-vaccine-danger-warning/ BE THE RESISTANCE WWW.SAVEUSNOW.ORG.UK https://t.me/marksteele5g/4673
? Removing Nano Poisoning - REV3 - PDF Document?
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/Removing-Nano-poisoning-rev3-2020:3
? How to detox graphene oxide ?
https://www.holistichealthonline.info/how-to-detox-graphene-oxide/
?NEW!! - La Quinta Columna Infrographic Promo Flyer ?NEW!!
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/la-quinta-columna-infrografic-promo-flyer:7
?NEW!! - Frontline Workers Testimonials & VAERS Reports - UPDATED 11th AUGUST 2021 - [PDF DOC] PLEASE SHARE FAR AND WIDE!!! ?
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/Compilation-of-Injuries-Deaths-Jan-Aug-2021:3
?NEW!! - CURRENT INFO TO SHARE TO FRIENDS AND LOVED ONES ABOUT THE BIO-WEAPON INJECTION [UK] - A4 ?
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/warning-flyer:1
?NEW!! - Covid "Vaccine" Casualties July 2021 - A4 DOUBLE LEAFLET FOR SHARING!?
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/covid-vaccine-injuries--jully-2021:e
?NEW!! - There is no variant... not novel... no pandemic. Dr David Martin with Reiner Fuellmich ?
https://www.bitchute.com/video/7lfuIhrGdBI1/
Flyers in PDF format, links to the source video:
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/fuellmich-with-qr-code:a
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/fuellmich-with-qr-code-multi:9
Polyethylene glycol as a cause of anaphylaxis [ingredient in COVID injections!] - PDF DOC
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/s13223-016-0172-7:f
Evidence for a Connection between COVID-19 and Exposure to Radiofrequency Radiation from Wireless Telecommunications [PDF DOC]
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/Rubik-Brown-COVID-19-and-RFR-SUBMITTED:f
COVID-19 RNA Based Vaccines and the Risk of Prion Disease - PDF DOC
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/covid19-rna-based-vaccines-and-the-risk-of-prion-disease-1503(2):b
https://www.caymanchem.com/msdss/33474m.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM-102
?⚠️Covid Vaccine Injury Treatment: Fasting for 48-72 Hours Creates Autophagy⚠️?
http://tinyurl.com/ycxakk39
?⚠️Sex-specific differences in myocardial injury incidence after COVID-19 mRNA-1273 booster vaccination (2023)⚠️?
http://tinyurl.com/53yzd22h
⚠️UK - Death & Disability Trends for Malignant Neoplasms (Cancer), Ages 15-44 - 43% increase in 2022 (EXPERTS ARE BAFFLED).⚠️
http://tinyurl.com/4vc88kdd
⚠️Correlation Report: COVID-19 vaccine-associated mortality in the Southern Hemisphere | 17 September 2023⚠️
https://tinyurl.com/3bxd986y
⚠️Myocardial Injury after COVID-19 mRNA-1273 Booster Vaccination 2023-07-20 ⚠️
https://tinyurl.com/5n6ubyzs
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?Post Covid Jab Supplement Guide - Dr. Zandré Botha?:
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/post-covid-jab-supplement-guide:1
⚠️A Case Report: Multifocal Necrotizing Encephalitis and Myocarditis after BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccination against COVID-19 ⚠️
https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/10/1651
https://bit.ly/3xpvS7t
⚠️FOIs reveal that health/science institutions around the world (211 and counting!) have no record of SARS-COV-2 isolation/purification, anywhere, ever⚠️ https://bit.ly/3Gt39Uq
⚠️Autopsy-based histopathological characterization of myocarditis after anti-SARS-CoV-2-vaccination [PDF DOC]⚠️
https://bit.ly/3HHQJt9
⚠️What is in the so-calledCOVID-19 “Vaccines”? Part 1: Evidence of a Global Crime Against Humanity:⚠️
https://ijvtpr.com/index.php/IJVTPR/article/view/52/121
https://bit.ly/3gXgQ4j
⚠️Scanning and Transmission Electron Microscopy Reveals Graphene Oxide in CoV-19 Vaccines⚠️
https://www.actascientific.com/ASMS/pdf/ASMS-06-1351.pdf
⚠️DOCUMENT: Evidence for a connection between 'coronavirus disease-19' and exposure to radiofrequency radiation from wireless communications including 5G [PDF DOC]⚠️
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/jclintranslres-2021-7-5-666:8
⚠️Case Briefing Document and lab report, shows GRAPHENE OXIDE FOUND IN ALL MRNA INJECTIONS, 11/02/2022⚠️
https://ukcitizen.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/Case_Briefing_Document_050222.pdf
This report, ref AUC_101_Report, which was commissioned by EbMCsquared CiC and prepared and published by UNIT relates to initial findings and forms a strong case for continued further scientific investigation.
⚠️On the Clear Evidence of the Risks to Children from Smartphone and WiFi Radio Frequency Radiation [PDF]⚠️
https://bit.ly/3VKaOSY
⚠️Pfizers Adverse Reactions Doc, they wanted to hide for 75 YEARS! ⚠️
https://phmpt.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/5.3.6-postmarketing-experience.pdf
⚠️⚠️LATEST PFIZER DOC DROP:⚠️⚠️
https://phmpt.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/reissue_5.3.6-postmarketing-experience.pdf
?NEW!! - DOCS FOR DISTRIBUTION - PRINT AND SHARE!!?
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?NEW!! - OUTREACH WORLDWIDE - PARENTS JUST SAY NO TO CHILDREN & TEENS COVID-19 BIOWEAPON - PDF DOC ?NEW!!
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/c830f5_ebc0ec0e2cc6440891058154886c5f11:a
?NEW!! - URGENT PUBLIC NOTICE: Covid-19 vaccines and various civil servants are now under criminal investigation - Case number: 6029679/21 PDF - PRINT/SHARE FAR AND WIDE! ?NEW!!
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/URGENT-PUBLIC-NOTICE-one-page:2
? Removing Nano Poisoning - REV3 - PDF Document?
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/Removing-Nano-poisoning-rev3-2020:3
? How to detox graphene oxide ?
https://www.holistichealthonline.info/how-to-detox-graphene-oxide/
Polyethylene glycol as a cause of anaphylaxis [ingredient in COVID injections!] - PDF DOC
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/s13223-016-0172-7:f
COVID-19 RNA Based Vaccines and the Risk of Prion Disease - PDF DOC
https://odysee.com/@SixthSense-Truth-Search-Labs:0/covid19-rna-based-vaccines-and-the-risk-of-prion-disease-1503(2):b
https://www.caymanchem.com/msdss/33474m.pdf
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SM-102