Another problem for Muslims concerns the Arabic used in the Arabic Qur'ans we read today. What we now know is that Qur’anic (Qureshi) Arabic is from the Northern part of Arabia, not from the central part where Mecca is located, which is 600 miles too far south.
According to the scholar who has studied early 7th century Arabic, Ahmad al-Jallad, the 4 Arabic grammatical borrowings which we now find in the Qur'an are all from the north, around Jordan, and not from the Hijaz, where Mecca is located.
He points to the i’rab, the ‘Unstressed inflectional short final Vowels’, marked with Diacritics, which are known as i’rab because they were characteristic of Bedouin dialects found in that northern area.
He also points to the Ta’ Marbuta, which is the addition of two superimposed dots…to give the symbol of the ة (ta’ marbuta) used to indicate that the letter 'ha’ is to be pronounced as /t/”
Another unique Arabic letter is the Alif Maqsurah, which is the word-final dotless ‘ya’” (ى), placed at the end of the word, where an alif cannot occur, pointing back to an earlier ‘-ay’. These are found all through the Qur'an, but are unique to Nabataean Aramaic, which is found 600 miles to the north.
The Definite Article ‘al’ is another Arabic grammatical reference found throughout the Qur''an, which is “Introduced to following coronal consonants”, but again is only used in Nabataean Aramaic, employed 600 miles further north.
In the Hijaz, where Mecca is located, they didn't use Nabataean Aramaic, but used Sabaic Arabic, which originated in the south of Arabia, in Yemen, from as far back as 600 BC.
What's interesting is that Sabaic Arabic contains all the vowels & consonants needed for the Qur’an, yet aren't found in the earliest Qur'anic manuscripts.
Our Conclusion: Qur’anic Arabic (Nabataean Aramaic) existed 600 miles further north, while the 7th c. Arabic of Mecca, in the Hijaz (Sabaic) would have accommodated the text of the Qur’an, had it been used, eradicating the Qira’at problems we find later on!
[for further discussions about this, see Dr Mark Durie, ‘The Qur’an and Its Biblical Reflexes, Investigations into the Genesis of a Religion’, Lexington Books, 2018, pg. 15-17]
(Further material on Sabaic Arabic was taken from Dr Yehuda Nevo’s ‘Crossroads to Islam’, and from Dr Ahmad al-Jalad in an on-line interview).
© Pfander Centre for Apologetics - US, 2022
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