The Poverty of Philosophy: Answer to the Philosophy of Poverty by M. Proudhon
Author: Karl Marx File Type: pdf In this work Marx critiques the economic (chapter one) and philosophical (chapter two)doctrine of P.J. Proudhon.Marx started work on this book in January 1847, as can be judged from Engels letter toMarx on January 15, 1847. By the begining of April 1847, Marxs work was completed inthe main and had gone to the press. On June 15, 1847 he wrote a short foreword.Published in Paris and Brussels in 1847, the book was not republished in full duringMarxs lifetime. Excerpts from section five of Chapter Two appeared in different years,mostly between 1872 - 1875 in papers such as La Emancipacion, Der Volksstaat,Soical-Demokrat, and others. In 1880 Marx attempted to publish the Poverty ofPhilosophy in the French socialist newspaper LEgalite, the organ of the French WorkersParty, but only the foreword and section one of Chapter One were published.This translation is from the original 1847 French edition. It has been updated to alsoinclude the changescorrections Marx made in the copy of the book he presented to N.Utina in 1876, as well as the corrections made by Frederick Engels in the second Frenchedition and the German editions of 1885 and 1892. The first English edition of this workwas published in 1900 by Twentieth Century Press. Note italics in quotations are as arule Marxs. Also, references added in brackets correspond to the same edition Marxused.
Author: Benjamin Kingsbury
File Type: pdf
The storm came on the night of 31 October. It was a full moon, and the tides were at their peak the great rivers of eastern Bengal were full of monsoon rain. In the early hours the inhabitants of the coast and islands were overtaken by an immense wave from the Bay of Bengal -- a wall of water that reached a height of 40 feet in some places. The wave swept away everything in its path, drowning around 215,000 people. At least another 100,000 died in the cholera epidemic and famine that followed. It was the worst calamity of its kind in recorded history. Such events are often described as natural disasters. Kingsbury turns that interpretation on its head, showing that the cyclone of 1876 was not simply a natural event, but one shaped by all-too-human patterns of exploitation and inequality -- by divisions within Bengali society, and the enormous disparities of political and economic power that characterized British rule on the subcontinent. With Bangladesh facing rising sea levels and stronger, more frequent storms, there is every reason to revisit this terrible calamity. An Imperial Disaster is troubling but essential reading history for an age of climate change. **About the Author Benjamin Kingsbury was born in Auckland in 1987, and brought up in New Zealand and Pakistan. Since then he has lived in both India and Bangladesh. He has taught history at Victoria University of Wellington, and now works as a historian for the New Zealand government. This is his first book.
Author: Randy Martin
File Type: epub
While trillions of dollars came and went in the stock market boom of the 1990s, the image of every man and woman a CEO may turn out to be the eras lasting legacy. Business news, once reserved to specialized papers or sections of the larger news of the day, came to the forefront in cable television and in cultural images of how ordinary people, through the internet and other avenues could not only master their financial life, but move money and equity around with the ease of a financial titan. Financialization of Daily Life looks at how this transformation occurred, and how it is just now becoming a significant, and troubling, aspect of our political and cultural life.Randy Martin takes us through all of the aspects of our financialization. He examines how the shift in economic life arose not only from changes in culture, but also from new policy priorities that emphasize controlling inflation over promoting growth. He offers a close reading of self-help literature that teaches parents how to rear financially literate children and to instruct adults in the fundamentals of fiscal management. He examines just what a society that treats financial investment as a national past time really looks like, and how that society is transforming the world.In a country rocked by scandals in accounting and banking, the identification ordinary citizens make with, and the risk with which they engage in, the stock market calls into question the very basis of our economic system. Randy Martin spells out in clear terms the implications our financial doingsand undoinghave for the way we organize our lives, and, especially, our money.
Author: Marcia R. England
File Type: pdf
Public Privates focuses on public and private acts and spaces in media to explore the formation of geographies. Situated at the intersections of cultural geography, feminist geography, and media studies, Marcia R. Englands study argues that media both reinforce and subvert traditional notions of public and private spaces through depiction of behaviors and actions within those spheres. Though popular media contribute to the erosion of indistinct edges between spaces, they also frequently reinforce the traditional dualism through particular codings that designate the normed and gendered socio-spatial actions appropriate in each sphereproducing geographical imaginations and behaviors. England applies her immensely readable construction to a diverse and wide-ranging array of media including Buffy the Vampire Slayer, The Fast and the Furious, J-Horror, sitcoms, Degrassi, and reality TV. By examining the gendered representations of public and private spaces in media and how images influence imagined and lived geographies, England shows how popular culture, specifically visual media, transmits ideologies that disintegrate the already blurred boundaries between public and private spaces. **
Author: Ken Ireland
File Type: pdf
Thomas Hardy, Time and Narrative is the first book-length study of all Hardys fourteen novels from narratological perspectives. It examines how his development of thematics and characters over a quarter of a century is matched by a corresponding development of narrative devices and techniques, and his handling of time. As a transitional writer between the fragmenting Victorian and advancing Modernist periods, Hardys key role is here reinforced in technical as well as in thematic terms, and exposure of the internal workings of his novels helps towards a fuller appreciation of their achievement. Featuring constant change, Hardys novels question convention, stress discontinuity and multiplicity of focus and genre, while inconsistent narrators force the reader into a pivotal position, and devices of simultaneity and epiphany, chronotope and coincidence project an intense awareness of time. Overall, this study aims to underline the need for a healthy balance between the rival claims of content and expression. **
Author: Frederick Douglass
File Type: pdf
A new edition of one of the most influential literary documents in American and African American history Ideal for coursework in American and African American history, this revised edition of Frederick Douglasss memoir of his life as a slave in pre-Civil War Maryland incorporates a wide range of supplemental materials to enhance students understanding of slavery, abolitionism, and the role of race in American society. Offering readers a new appreciation of Douglasss world, it includes documents relating to the slave narrative genre and to the later career of an essential figure in the nineteenth-century abolition movement. **
Author: Li Youzheng
File Type: pdf
A systematic survey of Confucianism and Chinese ethics, this work makes Chinese ethics theoretically more understandable through an interdisciplinary approach, from the perspectives of hermeneutics and semiotics The Analects of Confucius are structurally analyzed so as to reveal the epistemological preconditions and pragmatic rationality implied in the maxims of this important classic The composition, constitution, and structure of the Han Academic system are studied other pre-Qin Chinese ideologies, like Taoist nihilism and Mencian-Confucian ethics are also discussed. Contents of Vol 1 & 2 The Background and Foundation of Confucian Ethical Rationality The Pragmatic Aesthetics of Ethical Choice The Political Turn of Mencian-Confucian Ethics against Taoist Nihilism and Legalist Philosophy of Power **
Author: Andrew Herscher
File Type: pdf
While the construction of architecture has a place in architectural discourse, its destruction, generally seen as incompatible with the very idea of culture, has been neglected in theoretical and historical discussion. Responding to this neglect, Herscher examines the case of the former Yugoslavia and in particular, Kosovo, where targeting architecture has been a prominent dimension of political violence. Rather than interpreting violence against architecture as a mere representation of deeper social, political, or ideological dynamics, Herscher reveals it to be a form of cultural production, irreducible to its contexts and formative of the identities and agencies that seemingly bear on it as causes. Focusing on the particular sites where violence is inflicted and where its subjects and objects are articulated, the book traces the intersection of violence and architecture from socialist modernization, through ethnic and nationalist conflict, to postwar reconstruction.
Author: Yigal Bronner
File Type: pdf
Beginning in the sixth century C.E. and continuing for more than a thousand years, an extraordinary poetic practice was the trademark of a major literary movement in South Asia. Authors invented a special language to depict both the apparent and hidden sides of disguised or dual characters, and then used it to narrate Indias major epics, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata, simultaneously. Originally produced in Sanskrit, these dual narratives eventually worked their way into regional languages, especially Telugu and Tamil, and other artistic media, such as sculpture. Scholars have long dismissed simultaneous narration as a mere curiosity, if not a sign of cultural decline in medieval India. Yet Yigal Bronners Extreme Poetry effectively negates this position, proving that, far from being a meaningless pastime, this intricate, bitextual technique both transcended and reinvented Sanskrit literary expression. The poems of simultaneous narration teased and estranged existing convention and showcased the interrelations between the traditions foundational texts. By focusing on these achievements and their reverberations through time, Bronner rewrites the history of Sanskrit literature and its aesthetic goals. He also expands on contemporary theories of intertextuality, which have been largely confined to Western texts and practices. **