What are word classes? How can we recognize them? What role do they play in regards to punctuation? Grammar in Theory and in Practice was written for those who want straight answers, in plain English, to these crucial, yet rarely asked, questions.This essential guide empowers students to identify parts of speech rapidly, to employ punctuation marks confidently, and to examine syntax precisely, in four popular GCSE texts: Lord of the Flies, Animal Farm, Frankenstein, and 1984. Grammatical categories are neatly defined in the glossary, and each chapter is packed with practical and demanding exercises, testing your knowledge of nouns, verbs, adjectives, adverbs, conjunctions, and prepositions. Topics range from the relatively simple, such as common pronoun errors or subject-verb agreement problems, to the somewhat complex, such as appositives, participles, or rhetorical devices. At the end of the course, there is a large punctuation section that revises the usage of commas, colons, semicolons, hyphens, and apostrophes.
In this advanced English lesson we focus on sentences in which the subject and auxiliary verb are inverted. This occurs when we use questions, question tags and echo questions. But it is also used for 2nd and 3rd conditional, as well as with negative adverbs.
1) Questions, echo questions, question tags, so/neither
Are you sure? Yes, so am I
You don't know him, do you?
I found it yesterday. Did you? So did I
2) Negative adverbs (At no time, not once, never...)
Never have I seen such a wonderful view
At no time did he offer any help
Under no circumstances should he take any exercise
3) More negative adverbs (No sooner, seldom, rarely, barely, hardly, scarcely, only, little)
Only later did I learn the truth
Little do you know...
4) 2nd and 3rd conditional
Had I known it was your birthday, I would have bought you a present
Were I a rich man, I would buy myself a yacht
5) So / such
So helpful was he that I tipped him generously
Such a long distance was it, that we decided to take the train
More lessons and quizzes on my blog
https://www.skype-lessons.com/
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sf7JMDH_urE
This lesson focuses on the difference between gerunds and participles, and it also looks at some of the situations in which we use these forms. Both the present and past participles are examined in terms of their meaning and form.
PRESENT = ing form = ACTIVE
PAST = 3rd form = PASSIVE
Use them in:
1) Reduced relative clauses
2) Before a noun
3) After verbs of perception
Wait for lesson 2 for more uses of the participle.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vFPA_IeNtZc
How do we use the prepositions 'on', 'in' and 'at' when we talk about location? Find out in this elementary English lesson.
More lessons and quizzes on my blog
https://www.skype-lessons.com/online-english-lessons/
More lessons on gerunds and infinitives here
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vlx0uiAR8a4&list=PLEHBbj8NPA2ykYynnFugS4EJBwYfl3Djm
And phrasal verbs are here
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=677aAF3dM3E&list=PLEHBbj8NPA2z5GB5GBRxzl6IOi2iHukOn&index=1
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oB4TDOcvYN8