The Pledge of Allegiance: A Revised History and Analysis 1892–2007
Author: John Baer File Type: epub Dr. John Baers scholarship on the Pledge of Allegiance is second to none. The Pledge of Allegiance was written in August 1892 by the socialist minister Francis Bellamy (1855-1931). It was originally published in The Youths Companion on September 8, 1892. The history completed by Dr. Baer dives deep into the characters circumstances, and controversies surrounding the Pledge, from first inception to the present day. **
Author: Bernard Marie Dupriez
File Type: pdf
Common-sense, the Romantic critics told us, was all that was needed to understand and interpret literary texts. Today, we know this is not generally true. Modern criticism has joined with pre-Romantic criticism to expose common-sense as appropriate (because simple-minded), inadequate to comprehend and interpret verbal structures which are frequently non- common]sensical, anti-commonsensical, or even nonsensical. The difference between readers today and their earlier counterparts is that we have lost the full vocabulary of criticism and the consciousness of the literary and rhetorical devices with which texts are created. Yet these devices are still available to us, still practised even if unwittingly and on an impoverished scale. Gradus, originally published in French in 1984, was designed to make good that loss, to reanimate those skills. Comprising some 4000 terms, defined and illustrated, it calls upon the resources of linguistics, poetics, semiotics, socio-criticism, rhetoric, pragmatics, combining them in ways which enable readers quickly to comprehend the codes and conventions which together make up literarity. Skilfully translated into English, and adapted for an English-language audience with illustrations taken from an astonishing range of contemporary texts, literary and popular, drawn from literature, radio, television, and the theatre, Gradus will be a constant source of information and delight.
Author: Anita Wohlmann
File Type: pdf
When Toulas father in My Big Fat Greek Wedding says to his daughter (age 30) you look so old or when Don DeLillos protagonist (age 28) feels old in Cosmopolis, these young characters are attributed an age awareness that has received little attention in age studies so far. Leaving aside chronological or biological dimensions of age, this study approaches age as a metaphoric practice, suggesting that feeling old is not to be taken literally but metaphorically. The book examines the cultural meanings of age and aging and challenges often-quoted labels such as late-coming-of-age story or perpetual adolescence. **
Author: Mark Eli Kalderon
File Type: pdf
Mark Eli Kalderon presents an original study in the philosophy of perception written in the medium of historiography. He considers the phenomenology and metaphysics of sensory presentation through the examination of an ancient aporia. Specifically, he argues that a puzzle about perception at a distance is behind Empedocles theory of vision. Empedocles conceives of perception as a mode of material assimilation, but this raises a puzzle about color vision, since color vision seems to present colors that inhere in distant objects. But if the colors inhere in distant objects how can they be taken in by the organ of sight and so be palpable to sense? Aristotle purports to resolve this puzzle in his definition of perception as the assimilation of sensible form without the matter of the perceived particular. Aristotle explicitly criticizes Empedocles, though he is keen to retain the idea that perception is a mode of assimilation, if not a material mode. Aristotles notorious definition has long puzzled commentators. Kalderon shows how, read in light of Empedoclean puzzlement about the sensory presentation of remote objects, Aristotles definition of perception can be better understood. Moreover, when so read, the resulting conception of perception is both attractive and defensible. **
Author: Andro Linklater
File Type: pdf
From the author of the acclaimed Measuring America, a dazzling chronicle, through history and across cultures, about how the ability to own the land we inhabit has shaped modern society.Barely two centuries ago, most of the world s productive land still belonged either communally to traditional societies or to the higher powers of monarch or church. But that pattern, and the ways of life that went with it, were consigned to history by, Andro Linklater persuasively argues, the most creative and at the same time destructive cultural force in the modern era the idea of individual, exclusive ownership of land. Spreading from both shores of the north Atlantic, it laid waste to traditional communal civilizations, displacing entire peoples from their homelands, but at the same time brought into being a unique concept of individual freedom and a distinct form of representative government and democratic institutions. By contrast, as Linklater demonstrates, other great civilizations, in Russia, China, and the Islamic world, evolved very different structures of land ownership and thus very different forms of government and social responsibility. The history and evolution of landownership is a fascinating chronicle in the history of civilization, offering unexpected insights about how various forms of democracy and capitalism developed, as well as a revealing analysis of a future where the Earth must sustain nine billion lives. Seen through the eyes of remarkable individuals Chinese emperors German peasants the seventeenth century English surveyor William Petty, who first saw the connection between private property and free-market capitalism the American radical Wolf Ladejinsky, whose land redistribution in Japan, Taiwan, and South Korea after WWII made possible the emergence of Asian tiger economies Owning the Earth presents a radically new view of mankind s place on the planet.
Author: Harun Yahya
File Type: pdf
span Apple-style-span Arial The Theory of Evolution has been around for 150 years, and has had a great influence on the way people look at the world. This book considers the invalidity of the theory of evolution at a lay level. Evolutionists claims on certain matters are responded to with questions that are frequently asked, the meanings of which are not often understood. The answers provided in this book can be found in more scientific detail in other Harun Yahya books such as The Evolution Deceit, and Darwinism Refuted.span
Author: Jean Susorney Wellington
File Type: pdf
Trying to identify abbreviated titles of journals and standard bibliographic works is a major difficulty facing researchers and librarians in the field of Classical Studies. This revised edition has been greatly expanded, with nearly twice the abbreviations (17,000) and bibliographic entries (12,400) as the first edition. Also, the Greek and Cyrillic abbreviations have increased by seven and four fold respectively. Abbreviations for internet sites are now included, as are those for associations in the broad area of Classical Studies. There are also more entries for Eastern European and regional archaeological publications. This revised volume is divided into two parts. Part One consists of an alphabetical listing of bibliographic abbreviations found in the scholarship of classical studies and related disciplines. Meanwhile, Part Two is an alphabetically arranged bibliographic descriptions for the works published in classical studies and related disciplines. Special efforts were made to increase the coverage in peripheral areas, making this new edition a useful reference tool for scholars in all subjects of study in the ancient and medieval world.
Author: Pekka Hallberg
File Type: pdf
This book offers a unique exploration of the current state of freedom of speech as a basic right available to everyone. The research focuses on the different development stages of the concept of freedom of speech and the use of modern indicators to depict the its treatment in different legal cultures, including the obligations under international treaties and the effects that the globalising and digitalising environment have had on it. The authors conduct a broad survey of freedom of speech around the world, from Europe over Russia and both Americas to Africa, Asia, and Australia. The aim of this survey is to identify safeguards of freedom of speech on both a national and an international level, violations and threat scenarios, and in particular challenges to freedom of speech in the digital era.**** **From the Back Cover This book offers a unique exploration of the current state of freedom of speech as a basic right available to everyone. The research focuses on the different development stages of the concept of freedom of speech and the use of modern indicators to depict the its treatment in different legal cultures, including the obligations under international treaties and the effects that the globalising and digitalising environment have had on it. The authors conduct a broad survey of freedom of speech around the world, from Europe over Russia and both Americas to Africa, Asia, and Australia. The aim of this survey is to identify safeguards of freedom of speech on both a national and an international level, violations and threat scenarios, and in particular challenges to freedom of speech in the digital era.**** About the Author Pekka Hallberg (LL.D. and D. Soc. Sc.) is Emeritus President of the Supreme Administrative Court of Finland (1993-2012). Prior to this function, he has performed law-drafting duties at the Ministry of Justice, worked as a researcher and judge as well as a Professor of Administrative law at the University of Helsinki, Finland. He is the author of numerous titles in the fields of constitutional law, legal remedies, municipal law and environmental law. Janne Virkkunen has worked at Helsingin Sanomat newspaper, Finland, from 1971 and has been the Senior Editor-in Chief from 1991 to 2010. He has actively been working for freedom of speech at the International Press Institute since the late 1980s. His book about his career at Helsingin Sanomat, Paivalehden mies, was published in 2013.