Radicalization: Why Some People Choose the Path of Violence
Author: Farhad Khosrokhavar File Type: pdf In the wake of the Paris, Beirut, and San Bernardino terrorist attacks, fears over homegrown terrorism have surfaced to a degree not seen since September 11, 2001--especially following the news that all of the perpetrators in Paris were European citizens. A sought-after commentator in France and a widely respected international scholar of radical Islam, Farhad Khosrokhavar has spent years studying the path towards radicalization, focusing particularly on the key role of prisons--based on interviews with dozens of Islamic radicals--as incubators of a particular brand of outrage that has yielded so many attacks over the past decade. Khosrokhavar argues that the root problem of radicalization is not a particular ideology but rather a set of steps that young men and women follow, steps he distills clearly in this deeply researched account, one that spans both Europe and the United States. With insights that apply equally to far-right terrorists and Islamic radicals, Khosrokhavar argues that our security-focused solutions are pruning the branches rather than attacking the roots--which lie in the breakdown of social institutions, the expansion of prisons, and the rise of joblessness, which create disaffected communities with a sharp sense of grievance against the mainstream.
Author: Jack Zipes
File Type: pdf
The fairy tale is arguably one of the most important cultural and social influences on childrens lives. But until the first publication of Fairy Tales and the Art of Subversion, little attention had been paid to the ways in which the writers and collectors of tales used traditional forms and genres in order to shape childrens lives their behavior, values, and relationship to society. As Jack Zipes convincingly shows in this classic work, fairy tales have always been a powerful discourse, capable of being used to shape or destabilize attitudes and behavior within culture. How and why did certain authors try to influence children or social images of children? How were fairy tales shaped by the changes in European society in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Zipes examines famous writers of fairy tales such as Charles Perrault, Jacob and Wilhelm Grimm, Hans Christian Andersen and L.Frank Baum and considers the extraordinary impact of Walt Disney on the genre as a fairy tale filmmaker. **
Author: Greville MacDonald
File Type: pdf
In this short treatise Greville MacDonald examines in high-flung prose if Blake was mad, and whether it matters.
Author: Guido Alfani
File Type: pdf
In medieval Europe baptism did not merely represent a solemn and public recognition of the natural birth of a child, but was regarded as a second, spiritual birth, within a social group often different from the childs blood relations a spiritual family, composed of godfathers and godmothers. By analyzing the changing theological and social nature of spiritual kinship and god parenthood between 1450 and 1650, this book explores how these medieval concepts were developed and utilized by the Catholic Church in an era of reform and challenge. It demonstrates how such ties continued to be of major social importance throughout the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, but were often used in ways not always coherent with their original religious meaning, and which could have unexpected social consequences. In particular, the book analyzes in detail the phase of transition from the traditional model of god parenthood which allowed for multiple godparents, to the new couple model (one godfather and one godmother) imposed by Tridentine law. Drawing upon a large database of archival data taken from parish books of baptisms and marriages, pastoral visitations, diocesan statutes, synods and provincial councils, it is shown how attempts were made to resist or to compromise with the Church, thus providing a better understanding of the often contested meaning given to god parenthood by early modern society. Whilst the Church was ultimately successful in imposing its will, the book concludes that this was to have unexpected results that were to eventually weaken the role of godparents. Rather than persuading parents to choose real spiritual tutors to act as godparents, the choice of godparents became increasingly influenced with social status, so that god parenthood began to resemble a pure clientele system, something it had never been before. Through this long-term exploration of Catholic spiritual kinship, much is revealed, not only about god parenthood, but about the wider social and religious networks. Comparison with Protestant reactions to the same issues provides further insight into the importance of this subject to early modern European society.About the AuthorGuido Alfani is Assistant Professor of Economic History at Bocconi University, Milan, Italy. The majority of his lectures cover the subject of history and demography. He is a Fellow of the Dondena Centre for Research on Social Dynamics. From 2002-2003 he was Visiting Scholar at the Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales, Paris, France. In 2006 he was Visiting Research Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland. Also in 2006 he became Honorary Research Fellow of the University of Glasgow, Scotland. In 2008 he was Visiting Professor at the University of Bordeaux-3, France and also Visiting Researcher at the Centre for Population Studies, University of Umea, Sweden. He is Head of the RDB Bocconi research project Distribution and Concentration of Wealth in Historical Perspective. He is also a member of the international research project Mobilites, Populations et Families (MPF). Furthermore, he is co-founder and organizer, with Vincent Gourdon, of the international scientific network Patrinus.
Author: Peter Morgan
File Type: pdf
Ismail Kadare has experienced a life of controversy. In his own country and internationally he has been both acclaimed as a writer and condemned as a lackey of the Albanian socialist dictatorship. Coming of age after occupation and war, Kadare (b. 1936) belonged to the first generation of new Albanians. In a land where writers were routinely imprisoned, Kadare produced the most brilliant and subversive works to emerge from socialist Eastern Europe. His work brings to an end the century whose literary beginnings were marked by the terror to which Kafka gave his name. The inaugural award of the International Man-Booker Prize for Literature in 2005 marked an important milestone in the global recognition of Kadare. Ironic, multi-layered and imaginative, Kadares writing is profoundly opposed to ideology. Through critical analysis of a representative selection of Kadares works, Peter Morgan explains for a wide audience how Kadare survived and wrote in the repressive Albanian Stalinist environment. Peter Morgan is Professor of European Studies at the University of Western Australia. **
Author: Elisha Russ-Fishbane
File Type: pdf
Judaism, Sufism, and the Pietists of Medieval Egypt addresses the extraordinary rise and inner life of the Egyptian pietist movement in the first half of the thirteenth century. The creative engagement with the dominant Islamic culture was always present, even when unspoken. Elisha Russ-Fishbane calls attention to the Sufi subtext of Jewish pietiem, while striving not to reduce its spiritual synthesis and religious renewal to a set of political calculations. Ultimately, no single term or concept can fully address the creative expression of pietism that so animated Jewish society and that left its mark in numerous manuscripts and fragments from medieval Egypt. Russ-Fishbane offers a nuanced examination of the pietist sources on their own terms, drawing as far as possible upon their own definitions and perceptions. Jewish society in thirteenth-century Egypt reflects the dynamic reexamination by a venerable community of its foundational texts and traditions, even of its very identity and institutions, viewed and reviewed in the full light of its Islamic environment. The historical legacy of this religious synthesis belongs at once to the realm of Jewish culture, in all its diversity and dynamism, as well as to the broader spiritual orbit of Islamicate civilization. **
Author: Jeffrey Andrew Weinstock
File Type: pdf
From vampires and demons to ghosts and zombies, interest in monsters in literature, film, and popular culture has never been stronger. This concise Encyclopedia provides scholars and students with a comprehensive and authoritative A-Z of monsters throughout the ages. It is the first major reference book on monsters for the scholarly market.Over 200 entries written by experts in the field are accompanied by an overview introduction by the editor. Generic entries such as ghost and vampire are cross-listed with important specific manifestations of that monster. In addition to monsters appearing in English-language literature and film, the Encyclopedia also includes significant monsters in Spanish, French, Italian, German, Russian, Indian, Chinese, Japanese, African and Middle Eastern traditions. Alphabetically organized, the entries each feature suggestions for further reading.The Ashgate Encyclopedia of Literary and Cinematic Monsters is an invaluable resource for all students and scholars and an essential addition to library reference shelves. **
Author: Peter J. Holliday
File Type: pdf
A vivid and engaging exploration of Californias debt to the ancient world Discussing the influence of the classics on America is nothing new indeed, classical antiquity could be considered second only to Christianity as a force in modeling Americas national identity. What has never been explored until now is how, from the beginning, Californians in particular chose to visually and culturally craft their new world using the rhetoric of classical antiquity. Through a lively exploration of material culture, literature, and architecture, American Arcadia offers a tour through Californias development as a Mediterranean haven from the late nineteenth century to the present. In its earliest days, California was touted as the last opportunity for alienated Yankees to establish the refined gentleman-farmer culture envisioned by Jefferson and build new cities free of the filth and corruption of those they left back East. Through architecture and landscape design Californians fashioned an Arcadian setting evocative of ancient Greece and Rome.Later, as Arcadia gave way to urban sprawl, entire city plans were drafted to conjure classical antiquity, self-styled villas dotted the hills, and utopian communities began to shape the states social atmosphere. Art historian Peter J. Holliday traces the classical influence primarily through the evidence of material culture, yet the book emphasizes the stories and people, famous and forgotten, behind the works, such as Florence Yoch, the renowned landscape designer and set designer for Gone with the Wind, and Sister Aimee Semple McPherson, the most publicized Christian evangelist of her day, whose sermons filled the Pantheon-like Angelus Temple. Telling stories from the creation of the famed aqueducts that turned the semi-arid landscape to a cornucopia of almonds, alfalfa, and oranges to the birth of the body-sculpting movement, American Arcadia offers readers a new way of seeing our past and ourselves. **
Author: Galway Kinnell
File Type: pdf
Black Light is a voyage of discovery and transformation. Set in Iran, it tells the story of Jamshid, a quiet simple carpet mender, who one day suddenly commits a murder and is forced to flee. With this violent act his old life ends and a strange new existence begins.Galway Kinnell combines his gift for precise imagery with a storytellers skill in this journey across the Iranian desertaway from the fragile self-righteous virtues of adopted moral tradition, into the disorder and sexual confusion of agonizing self-knowledge. First published in 1966 by Houghton Mifflin, this extensively revised paperback edition of Black Light brings a distinguished novel back into print.
Author: Janet Biehl
File Type: pdf
The bitter struggle of the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) against the Turkish state has endured for decades in the face of major setbacks and violence. This memoir tells that story through the experience of one person, Sakine Cansizcodenamed Saraa cofounder of the PKK who dedicated her life to its causeuntil she was assassinated in 2013.This memoir, available for the first time in English, tells the story of the first chapter of Cansizs life, from the founding of the PKK in 1974 through her arrest in 1979. She writes here about the excitement of entering the movement as a young womanand discovering quickly that she would have to challenge traditional gender roles as she rose among its ranks. And she succeeded total gender equality is now one of the central tenets of the PKK.Today, Sara lives on, an inspiration to women fighting for liberation around the world. Her story, told in her own words, is by turns shocking, violent, and groundbreaking.