Random COVID Questions with Dr. Been (#62)
Let’s discuss your COVID questions.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hxMa1uETDq8
Random COVID Questions with Dr. Been (#138)
Let’s discuss your general questions.
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Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gAXe_uUJHr8
Daily Mini Been is Here
NSAIDs
*Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs e.g., diclofenac 50-75 mg intramuscular (IM) can help relieve biliary pain.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
In an asymptomatic patient, there is no need for a cholecystectomy unless the calcified stones are more than 3 cm in diameter or the person is Native American, or is going for bariatric surgery (weight loss surgery that increases the risk of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis,) or a patient undergoing a cardiac transplant.
*For the symptomatic gallbladder disease and even for the acute cholecystitis, the treatment of choice is outdoor based laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
*Laparoscopic cholecystectomy helps relieve pain in patients with symptomatic cholecystitis for lesser than a month or the patients with episodic pain lasting for half an hour usually in the evenings, and the patients that present with the cholecystitis pain for one year or lesser.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy patients can go home the same day and return for work within a few days in contrast to the patients with open cholecystectomy surgery that can take a few weeks to recover.
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy may be converted to open cholecystectomy in 2-8% of the patients, a higher number of conversions in surgeries for the acute cholecystitis patients.
Bile duct injuries during cholecystectomy can occur in about 0.1% of the procedures by experienced surgeons.
Cholecystectomy causes increased duodenogastric reflux and changed bile exposure to the intestine. This, in turn, results in an increased risk of esophageal, proximal small intestine, and colonic adenocarcinomas.
During the Pregnancy
*In pregnant women with cholecystitis, conservative management is advised; however, for the repeated attacks of biliary pain, or acute cholecystitis, a cholecystectomy can be performed. The procedure is preferred in the second trimester, and a laparoscopic route can be used.
When to Administer Ursodeoxycholic Acid
*Occasionally ursodeoxycholic acid can be used in patients that refuse cholecystectomy. This salt can take up to two years to help dissolve cholesterol stones. It is given in a dose of 8-30 mg/kg body weight in divided doses daily. This drug is usually effective in patients with a functional gallbladder with small floating cholesterol stones.
In patients that are rapidly losing fats e.g., after bariatric surgery, Ursodeoxycholic acid 500-600 mg daily can be given to reduce the risk of gallstone formation. Such patients should also receive diets high in fat quantity.
Lithotripsy
Lithotripsy is usually not preferred in the US at least.
Note: we will discuss the management of acute cholecystitis later.
References:
Current 2016 (Cholelithiasis)
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mRDh_XHLpAM
The pathogen enters the body by crossing the mechanical barriers of the body. Macrophage and dendritic cells phagocytose the pathogen.
Macrophage acts as a bridge between the innate and acquired arm of the immune system.
Interleukin 12 released by macrophage converts naive helper T cell into helper T cell 1.
Helper T cell 1 releases interleukin II.
Interleukin II acts on the helper T cell 1 (autocrine) and also activates cytotoxic-T cells.
Dr. Mobeen Syed explains that pathogens have ways to hide in the cells of the body. Our body also has ways to detect pathogens and kill them.
Cytotoxic T cells kill the cells which are infected by a pathogen (cells used by pathogen for hiding).
All nucleated cells in our body have MHC 1 on their surface.
Cytotoxic T cell detects the infected cells by connecting to MHC 1.
The infected cells have a reduced density of MHC 1, which is detected by natural killer cells.
Cytotoxic T cells bind to MHC 1 and kill the cells.
They release perforins and granzymes, which break the cell apart.
The following topics have discussed in the video:
* Role of interleukin II in the immune system
* Formation of cytotoxic T cells
* Mechanism of action of cytotoxic T cells
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SMz1D0m9Ck0
CDC Kentucky Study - Reduced Risk Of Reinfection with Vaccines Compared To Natural Infection
CDC has posted a retrospective study that observed the reinfection in previously infected and then vaccinated vs. previously infected and not vaccinated individuals. According to the authors the likelihood of a reinfection is 2.3 times if you are infected and not vaccinated. Let's review the study.
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References
DrBeen Site: drbeen.com
CDC site page with the study: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/mm7032e1.htm
PDF for the study: https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/70/wr/pdfs/mm7032e1-H.pdf
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tGli1N1gNOs
Pathogens want to be able to breach our skin or mucous membrane, enter our body tissues and eat them.
Mechanical barriers help in preventing the entry of various pathogens in the body.
Dr. Mobeen Syed discusses that immunoglobulins in the mucous membranes hang the viruses and bacterias and keep them away from us.
The human body is inhabited by a lot of normal-flora, for example, in the throat, vagina, etc.
Normal-flora occupies the body surfaces or receptors, which could be used by the viruses or bacteria to enter the body.
The body provides a mechanical barrier by creating an acidic environment, for example, in the stomach (low pH).
There is a coagulation of bacteria in an acidic environment.
Visit www.Drbeen.com for detailed information about the mechanical barriers of the body against the pathogen.
The following topics have discussed in the video:
* Mechanical barriers to foreign invaders
* Immunoglobulins as mechanical barriers
* Normal flora as a mechanical barrier
* Acidic environment as a mechanical barrier
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1t1YpWRNZNM
Random COVID Questions with Dr. Been (#160)
Let's have fun and talk :-)
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Looking to support my educational work? Donate here: https://paypal.me/mobeensyed?locale.x=en_US
#drbeen #koolbeens #COVID
Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SFVMZCtgdx0
Sudden Heart Failure of My Favorite Artist (Kim Jung Gi - RIP)
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https://www.drbeen.com/yt-special-p/
Kim Jung Gi was at the airport to travel to NY after finishing his tour in Europe. He suddenly had a heart attack. He was taken to the hospital but did not survice. RIP KJG.
Scientists think that the rebound is because of the robust immune response. I think they are not entirely correct. See my videos about the prozone effect and immune imprinting below.
Prozone effect
https://youtu.be/U0g8B4DyD0o?t=2254
Immune imprinting
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIUuQuRYHiE
Want to support this work?:
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#drbeen #koolbeens #COVID
Disclaimer:
This video is not intended to provide assessment, diagnosis, treatment, or medical advice; it also does not constitute provision of healthcare services. The content provided in this video is for informational and educational purposes only.
Please consult with a physician or healthcare professional regarding any medical or mental health related diagnosis or treatment. No information in this video should ever be considered as a substitute for advice from a healthcare professional.
URL list from Thursday, Oct. 6 2022
Biography - Kim Jung Gi / SuperAni
https://www.kimjunggi.net/biography-v2/
Video of Kim Jung Ji's final drawing in Paris before his death!! Will move your heart - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sjkaBNAegNQ
Kim Jung Gi death: Artist suffered heart attack at age 47 - Los Angeles Times
https://www.latimes.com/entertainment-arts/story/2022-10-05/kim-jung-gi-death-heart-attack
Kim Jung Gi, acclaimed South Korean comic book artist, dies at 47 - CNN Style
https://www.cnn.com/style/article/kim-jung-gi-death-cec/index.html
Renowned Artist Dies at Airport as He’s About to Board a Plane
https://news.yahoo.com/renowned-artist-dies-airport-board-024749051.html?guccounter=1&guce_referrer=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cuZ29vZ2xlLmNvbS8&guce_referrer_sig=AQAAAHYy9RE_imi4loUMT_XweVHYCXlzd7UAeoxIL6zrSNNojqywb36GXAWkEGtDt3hBXYQWvUpTYWnoFBF1jofG5xYxob-w1NoALH3ixpv_w_WSDEqkJbCyV-pJ7uuEAmrCP2l2L7eH4qoyy8Q11KqESgxufWOw9dam5dru-EoMWQr1
CofixRX is a nasal spray to boost immune system | Stay Protected.
https://cofixrx.com/
https://academic.oup.com/cid/advance-article/doi/10.1093/cid/ciac663/6749408?searchresult=1
COVID rebound after Pfizer treatment likely due to robust immune response, study finds
https://www.yahoo.com/news/covid-rebound-pfizer-treatment-likely-194849487.html
CDC ending daily reporting of COVID case and death data
https://www.yahoo.com/news/cdc-ending-daily-reporting-covid-181859509.html
Sparks Are Flying - A Review of The Latest COVID Studies - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U0g8B4DyD0o
Immune Imprinting - Mechanism and Discussion - YouTube
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tIUuQuRYHiE
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vja7o3VU500
Dr. Mobeen discusses the following possible causes of the massive damage caused by SARS-COV-2.
Reduced immunomodulatory function of the ACE2 receptors.
Cytokine storm
Massive inflammation
More lectures on DrBeen.com
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8xAcQwrb6iE