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4 Jun 2021 01:45:16 UTC
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The Lessons of Tragedy: Statecraft and World Order
Author: Hal Brands
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p Segoe UI, serif 13pxThe ancient Greeks hard-wired a tragic sensibility into their culture. By looking disaster squarely in the face, by understanding just how badly things could spiral out of control, they sought to create a communal sense of responsibility and courageto spur citizens and their leaders to take the difficult actions necessary to avert such a fate. Today, after more than seventy years of greatpower peace and a quartercentury of unrivaled global leadership, Americans have lost their sense of tragedy. They have forgotten that the descent into violence and war has been all too common throughout human history. This amnesia has become most pronounced just as Americans and the global order they created are coming under graver threat than at any time in decades. p Segoe UI, serif 13pxIn a forceful argument that brims with historical sensibility and policy insights, two distinguished historians argue that a tragic sensibility is necessary if America and its allies are to address the dangers that menace the international order today. Tragedy may be commonplace, Brands and Edel argue, but it is not inevitableso long as we regain an appreciation of the worlds tragic nature before it is too late. p Segoe UI, serif 13px**h3 Segoe UI, serif 13pxReviewp Segoe UI, serif 13px div aria-live=polite data-a-expander-collapsed-height=300 a-expander-collapsed-height a-row a-expander-container a-expander-partial-collapse-container max-height none height auto div aria-expanded=true a-expander-content a-expander-partial-collapse-content a-expander-content-expanded 17px p Segoe UI, serif 13pxfont face=Segoe UI, serif size=2fontfont face=Segoe UI, serif size=2In this spare, almost mathematical primer, Hal Brands and Charles Edel deliver a rebuke to complacency and a defense of constructive pessimism in the service of Americas engagement with the world. Robert D. Kaplan, author of The Return of Marco Polos World War, Strategy, and American Interests in the Twenty-first Centuryfontfont face=Segoe UI, serif size=2fontfont face=Segoe UI, serif size=2Hal Brands and Charles Edel have written a crucial reminder that being so safe for so long has dulled our imagination of how dangerous and destructive the alternatives are to the flawed masterpiece of post-World War II order the U.S. created. Read this to relish two fine minds expertly marshaling 5,000 years of western culture to motivate our communal resolve to preserve the liberal international order. What an education! Kori Schake, author of Safe Passage The Transition from British to American Hegemonyfontfont face=Segoe UI, serif size=2fontfont face=Segoe UI, serif size=2Brands and Edel show that the tragedy of international relations is not, as some would argue, that nations are doomed to warbut rather that war comes when leaders and the public fail to learn from the past how to preserve the peace. This is a compelling account of the dangers of historical amnesia at time when many question the need for sustained U.S. global leadership. The Lessons of Tragedy does more than warn of the dangers it draws on the demonstrable achievements of past U.S. statecraft to chart a more hopeful course for the future. James B. Steinberg, Professor at Syracuse University and former Deputy Secretary of Statefontfont face=Segoe UI, serif size=2fontfont face=Segoe UI, serif size=2This powerful book by two of Americas most brilliant historians and theorists of grand strategy writing at the top of their game provides a timely reminder that the history of international relations has been replete with catastrophes and costly disasters.Eric Edelman, former Ambassador to Turkey, Finland and Under Secretary of Defense for Policy 2005-2009fontfont face=Segoe UI, serif size=2fontfont face=Segoe UI, serif size=2This compact, engaging and evocative volume packs a sharp, lasting punch. Brands and Edel argue persuasively for a return to the tragic sensibility that spurred the creation of all previous international orders. Reading The Lessons of Tragedy would benefit politicians, national security professionals, and civilians alikein the same way that the great theatrical tragedies benefited ancient Greece society. I cannot recommend it highly enough. Robert Work, 32nd United States Deputy Secretary of Defensefont
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Author: Stephen Kotkin
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Twenty years ago, the Berlin Wall fell. In one of modern historys most miraculous occurrences, communism implodedand not with a bang, but with a whimper. Now two of the foremost scholars of East European and Soviet affairs, Stephen Kotkin and Jan T. Gross, drawing upon two decades of reflection, revisit this crash. In a crisp, concise, unsentimental narrative, they employ three case studiesEast Germany, Romania, and Polandto illuminate what led Communist regimes to surrender, or to be swept away in political bank runs. This is less a story of dissidents, so-called civil society, than of the bankruptcy of a ruling classcommunisms establishment, or uncivil society. The Communists borrowed from the West like drunken sailors to buy mass consumer goods, then were unable to pay back the hard-currency debts and so borrowed even more. In Eastern Europe, communism came to resemble a Ponzi scheme, one whose implosion carries enduring lessons. From East Germanys pseudotechnocracy to Romanias megalomaniacal dystopia, from Communist Polands cult of Mary to the Kremlins surprise restraint, Kotkin and Gross pull back the curtain on the fraud and decadence that cashiered the would-be alternative to the market and democracy, an outcome that opened up to a deeper global integration that has proved destabilizing. From the Hardcover edition. **From Publishers Weekly Starred Review. In 1989, all East European Soviet satellites abruptly broke free, triggering a similar breakup inside the U.S.S.R. In this addition to the Modern Library Chronicles series, Princeton history professors Kotkin (Armageddon Averted) and Gross (Neighbors) deliver a perceptive account of how this happened. They deny that freedom-loving citizens (civil society) led the transformation, pointing out that, except in Poland, no organized opposition existed. The only true establishment was the incompetent, blinkered, and ultimately bankrupt Communist systeman uncivil society. Even in private, all awaited the collapse of capitalism and increasingly focused on the moral superiority of socialism in the face of the unnerving economic superiority of the West. In 1989 the bottom fell out. Polish leaders agreed to a quasi-free election, which unexpectedly voted them out faced with peaceful demonstrations and a mass exodus of citizens, East German leaders resigned. Except for a bloody attempt to stave off the inevitable in Romania, all satellite governments peacefully dissolved, often with comic-opera ineptness. Combining scholarship with sparkling prose, the authors recount a thoroughly satisfying historical struggle in which the good guys won. 16 pages of b&w photos maps. (Oct. 13) Reed Business Information, a division of Reed Elsevier Inc. Review Following hard on the heels of Armageddon Averted, Stephen Kotkin has written a brilliantly original account of the fall of the Soviet empire. Almost everything on this subject up until now has been journalism. Kotkins genius as an historian is to turn conventional wisdom on its head and force us to rethink completely a revolution we thought we understood merely because we lived through it. Niall Ferguson, Laurence A. Tisch Professor of History at Harvard and author of* *The War of the World In this lively and fast-paced study, two distinguished Princeton historians, Stephen Kotkin and Jan Gross, analyze the 1989 revolution in Eastern Europe as a product of the political bankruptcy of uncivil society, meaning the communist elite. Using the case studies of Poland, Romania, and the German Democratic Republic, the authors combine deep historical analysis of the development and failures of East European communism with brilliant insights into the events of 1989 themselves. The book makes a critical contribution to our understanding of the annus mirabilis. Norman M. Naimark, Robert and Florence McDonnell Chair of East European History at Stanford University From the Hardcover edition.
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