How To Harden Vegetable Oils Through Hydrogenation _ Organic Chemistry _ Chemistry _ FuseSchool
Learn how to harden vegetable oils through a chemical process demonstrated on the example of Margarine.
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Learn the basics about what designer polymers are, some examples of them, and how chemical properties are used to perform a particular function.
Polymers have been around for a long time. Some of the commonly named examples are found in clothes, things like nylon, polyesters and acrylic. Others are plastics, like PVC, polyethene and polycarbonates. Some act as coatings on saucepans, like PTFE, more commonly known as Teflon.
The key thing is that different polymers have different properties.
Chemists have developed a branch of polymers called designer polymers. A designer polymer is one that has been designed to respond to a change in environment, or uses properties that are better than traditional polymers.
Nylon, a traditional polymer used to make some clothes has desirable properties. Nylon is tough, lightweight and waterproof. But it doesn't allow sweat to pass through, so when the person is wearing a garment they can become quite uncomfortable.
Designers have started to use GoreTex, a designer polymer. GoreTex uses layers of different polymers. They include an outer layer, typically made from nylon, or polyester. This makes the outer layer strong. Inner layers are made from polyurethane and this provides water-resistance. Other membranes are made of PTFE, which has many millions of holes. These holes are small enough to allow water vapour (sweat) to pass out, but does not allow larger water droplets from the outside to pass into the soft lining.
Designer polymers come up in many everyday situations. Contact lenses use a designer polymer: a special hydrogel. It is more flexible, softer and is breathable. Tooth Fillings are made with designer polymers. Designer polymers use a composite polymer resin, which is tough, contains no dangerous chemicals, like the mercury metal found in tradition silver fillings.
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What exactly is Le Chatelier's Principle? And why is it important to learn it to understand chemical reactions? Find out in this video! Find part 1, the other video on Le Chatelier's principle here: http://youtu.be/7zuUV455zFs
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Learn the basics about the properties of oxygen.
Oxygen is a gas, it has no smell, colour, or taste; but without it, we as humans would not be able to inhabit planet Earth.
When cooled to a very low temperature, it will form a liquid and a solid which are both pale blue.
Oxygen makes up 21% of Earth’s atmosphere, It has taken many millions of years to makeup the composition of Today’s, atmosphere but we seem to now have the perfect balance,
Oxygen is used by the Human body in a process called Respiration.
When you breath in, the air that enters your body is held in the lungs. Some of the Oxygen you breath in is taken into the bloodstream and is transported to parts of the body where it is needed. Respiration takes place in the cells of your body. Oxygen combines with glucose ,building up carbon dioxide and water and releases energy enabling cells to function and our bodies to survive.
As you breath out the air now contains roughly 4% less Oxygen than when you breathed in, this has been replaced by another gas, called carbon dioxide.
The oxygen in the atmosphere also affects our lives in other ways. It reacts chemically with a number of other materials. Oxygen will combine with reactive metals to form metal oxides. This is called corrosion. Most metal oxides are useful as they produce a hard protective layer. Aluminium Oxide for example forms a protective layer on the surface of Aluminium, this grey coating protects the body of the metal underneath from further corrosion. Modern Aeroplanes have used this characteristic of aluminium as a choice of construction material.
Iron(III) oxide is formed when iron reacts with water and oxygen and is not useful. You will know iron oxide, more commonly, as rust; it makes the metal flaky and weak. The corrosion will eat into the metal, which flakes off as the oxide is built up. There are ways of protecting iron objects from oxidation, putting oil on your bike chain, for example, will protect it from rust and keep it strong.
Oxygen can be produced in the lab by the chemical decomposition of hydrogen peroxide .
To test for Oxygen light a wooden splint, put out the flame but keep it glowing, place the glowing splint back into the Test tube of Oxygen and it will ignite once again.
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Respiration is carried out by all living things.
Animals need oxygen to carry out aerobic respiration and they need to get rid of the waste product called carbon dioxide. This is called gas exchange. Swapping one gas for another.
Animals have evolved different mechanisms for carrying out gaseous exchange.
The most important thing is to create a large surface area, the bigger the surface area the faster diffusion of the gases can occur. Secondly they all have a good blood supply. You want to get oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out as quickly as possible so the blood travels very close to the exchange surface to once again maximise diffusion.
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This video is part of 'Chemistry for All' - a Chemistry Education project by our Charity Fuse Foundation - the organisation behind FuseSchool. These videos can be used in a flipped classroom model or as a revision aid. Find our other Chemistry videos here:
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Ever wondered how to conduct a chemical test for the presence of colourless and odourless gases? Watch this to find out how!
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What exactly is Le Chatelier's Principle? And why is it important to learn it to understand chemical reactions? Find out in this video!
Part 2 found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XhQ02egUs5Y
At Fuse School, teachers and animators come together to make fun & easy-to-understand videos in Chemistry, Biology, Physics, Maths & ICT. Our OER are available free of charge to anyone. Make sure to subscribe - we are going to create 3000 more!
The Fuse School is currently running the Chemistry Journey project - a Chemistry Education project by The Fuse School sponsored by Fuse. These videos can be used in a flipped classroom model or as a revision aid. Find our other Chemistry videos here:
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Work through this practice GCSE / K12 question on atomic number, atomic mass and electronic configuration. Read the question, and hit pause if you want to try answering it yourself. Then hit play again to watch how the teacher solves it.
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Learn the basics about Measures of electricity. What techniques and methods are used to measure electricity? Find out more in this video!
This Open Educational Resource is free of charge, under a Creative Commons License: Attribution-NonCommercial CC BY-NC ( View License Deed: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/ ). You are allowed to download the video for nonprofit, educational use. If you would like to modify the video, please contact us: info@fuseschool.org
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This video is part of 'Chemistry for All' - a Chemistry Education project by our Charity Fuse Foundation - the organisation behind The Fuse School. These videos can be used in a flipped classroom model or as a revision aid. Find our other Chemistry videos here:
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Learn the basics about balancing equations, as a part of chemical calculations.
The law of conservation of mass states that no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction. There are different ways of arranging the atoms.
Chemical reactions are about rearranging atoms. Chemical reactions can be represented by symbol equations so long as the number of atoms on each side of the equals sign remains the same.
Equations need to be balanced to conserve atoms, by putting numbers in front. A good way to balance an equation is to use a table to keep track of everything.
You can only change the big number in front of the compounds, which says how many molecules you have.
Charges in a formula also need to be balanced.
So, both the atoms and the charges have to balance.
Nothing can appear or disappear! This is the most important rule about balancing: no atoms or charges can be made or destroyed.
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This video is part of 'Chemistry for All' - a Chemistry Education project by our Charity Fuse Foundation - the organisation behind The Fuse School. These videos can be used in a flipped classroom model or as a revision aid. Find our other Chemistry videos here:
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