The Power of Labelling: How People are Categorized and Why It Matters
Author: Joy Moncrieffe File Type: pdf The Power of Labelling illuminates a fundamental and intriguing dimension of social and political life. Striking cases from a range of policy contexts generate eyeopening analyses of labellings causes and consequences, uses and abuses, and of alternatives in thinking and relating. DES GASPER, INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL STUDIES, THE HAGUEThe authors convincingly and often vividly explain how the unavoidable framings and labellings of the objects of policy secrete relations of power which can obscure as much as they reveal and often lead, in policy itself, to perverse outcomes. Their detail is riveting, their analyses persuasive, what they suggest realistic and deeply sensible. This immensely readable collection is indispensable for anyone who wants to think about how they think about development, and should be forced on all who dont. GEOFFREY HAWTHORN, PROFESSOR OF INTERNATIONAL POLITICS, UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGEThis is an essential book not only for those interested in understanding the development industry but also for development practitioners. It discusses key questions concerning the ways in which knowledge is generated by development agencies and reaffirms the importance of understanding who categorizes people, why and how. R. L. STIRRAT, PROFESSOR OF SOCIAL ANTHROPOLOGY, UNIVERSITY OF SUSSEXVery important. Martin Kalungu-Banda, Oxfam GBWhat does it mean to be part of the mass known as The Poor? What visions are conjured up in our minds when someone is labelled Muslim? What assumptions do we make about their needs, values and politics? How do we react individually and as a society? Who develops the labels, what power do they carry and how do such labels affect how people are treated?This timely book tackles the critical and controversial issue of how people are labelled and categorized, and how their problems are framed and dealt with. Drawing on vast international experience and current theory, the authors examine how labels are constituted and applied by a variety of actors, including development policy makers, practitioners and researchers. The book exposes the intense and complex politics involved in processes of labelling, and highlights how the outcomes of labelling can undermine stated development goals. Importantly, one of the books principal objectives is to suggest how policy makers and professionals can tackle negative forms of labelling and encourage processes of counter-labelling, to enhance poverty reduction and human rights, and to tackle issues of race relations and global security. The Afterword encapsulates these ideas ands provides a good basis for reflection, further debate and action.
Author: Gerald Graff
File Type: pdf
Since its first publication more than fifteen years ago, Literature Against Itself has achieved wide recognition as the first major critique of post-1960s cultural radicalismand still, one of the best. In it, Gerald Graff argues that the reigning strategies for defending literature now end up by trivializing it, and he analyzes why and how they have gone wrong. He charges that our leading literary critics, whether they claim to be traditionalists or innovators, have taken positions that ultimately undermine the authority of art, literature, and criticism itself. An extraordinarily important book, biting and cogent on every page.Robert Boyers, Salmagundi. In this recoil from the current anarchy of interpretation, Graff has affirmed that `literary thinking is inseparable from social and moral thinking.New York Times Book Review. A wonderfully trenchant and illuminating inquiry the shrewdness and cogency of his commentary are constantly arresting.Virginia Quarterly Review.** Since its first publication more than fifteen years ago, Literature Against Itself has achieved wide recognition as the first major critique of post-1960s cultural radicalismand still, one of the best. In it, Gerald Graff argues that the reigning strategies for defending literature now end up by trivializing it, and he analyzes why and how they have gone wrong. He charges that our leading literary critics, whether they claim to be traditionalists or innovators, have taken positions that ultimately undermine the authority of art, literature, and criticism itself. An extraordinarily important book, biting and cogent on every page.Robert Boyers, Salmagundi. In this recoil from the current anarchy of interpretation, Graff has affirmed that `literary thinking is inseparable from social and moral thinking.New York Times Book Review. A wonderfully trenchant and illuminating inquiry the shrewdness and cogency of his commentary are constantly arresting.Virginia Quarterly Review.**
Author: Katherine Arens
File Type: pdf
Since coming to public notice through major museum catalogues and the work of Carl Schorske around 1980, fin de siecle Vienna has been cast as the final bloom of a dying culture. Yet this assessment is itself a historical construct, deriving from the politics of the twentieth century. This volume argues that Habsburg nostalgia is anything but backward looking instead, images from this glittering Habsburg past become evidence of a cultures sophisticated sense of how and why history is made, in both official and popular spheres. Including the first translation of an original account of Crown Prince Rudolfs suicide at Mayerling in 1889, Belle Necropolis argues for Austrias continued reuse of its own history to point the way toward the future rather than simply memorializing a past that only exists as living memories of shared stories, not as a truth in itself. Case studies included here range from imperial stereotypes before 1900 through their adaptations in the film 1. April 2000 and todays musicals, and from the politics of representing Austria since Rebecca West up through Schorskes master narrative of the Ringstrasse. Through these studies, Habsburg culture emerges as a culture of commemoration that uses its own past to overcome the limits of a small country seeking a role on the contemporary world stage. **About the Author Katherine Arens received her PhD from the Departments of German Studies and Humanities at Stanford University. Currently she is a professor in the Department of Germanic Studies at the University of Texas at Austin. Dr. Arens served as past president of the Austrian Studies Association and member of the European Academy of Sciences and Arts and has written widely on Austrian and German intellectual and cultural history and minority discourses.
Author: Robert Mankin
File Type: pdf
This books attends to what in French, since the 1980s, has been called the passeur, the figure of the intellectual, mediator, translator or journalist, who is also a socialized being in the world.The volume sets out from biographical contexts in such a way that the work as a whole is offered as a gallery of portraits leading from one kind of cultural understanding to another and then another... Geographically, the range is broadly European (England, France, Germany, Holland, Italy, Poland, Spain and Switzerland) though the aim is never to display how national identities arose. Nor is this range a matter of covering the field. The figures treated were all important in their own right, and yet too often they receive scholarly attention only in passing. The singular identity studied here, if there is one, could be Europes, but the theme emphasized now and then is also that of the internationalization of intellectual activity in a very long eighteenth century. The bookend chapters involving the understanding of the Orient reinforce the internationalization and the fostering of a European identity. The volume aims less to highlight or track specific ideas transported from one cultural context to another, though there are necessarily many examples given. It proposes instead to illustrate the evolution of post-humanist cultural activity in Europe, by beginning with a series of studies in which debate arises from religious positions (not only Protestant, but Muslim, Catholic, Jesuit, Jansenist and Jewish traditions) and closing with debate become philosophical and encyclopedic. As such, the volume documents a characteristic view of the transformation of early modern intellectual activity as its center moves from religion to philosophy and it thereby draws special attention to the essays in the middle of the volume. These deal with figures active towards the end of the 17th and the beginning of the 18th centuries, and their abilities, difficulties and conflicts in finding new spaces for intellectual life outside of religious and political institutionsin public discussions of philosophy, toleration, journalism, law and the curious spatialization we refer to as Anglophilia. **About the Author Robert Mankin taught British history at the Universite Paris Diderot.
Author: William Ralph Inge
File Type: pdf
Originally published in 1906 - Contents Include - Development of the Religious Consciousness - Falsehood in Religion - Religion in the Light of the Individual - Faith and Fact - The Religion of Christ - Problems and Tasks
Author: John Loftus
File Type: pdf
A hugely controversial work that exposes a series of scandals from Oliver North to the British royal family, The Secret War Against the Jews reveals as much about political corruption inside Western intelligence as it does about Israel. Using thousands of previously top-secret documents and interviews with hundreds of current and former spies, Loftus and Aarons, both veteran investigators, Nazi-hunters, and authors, present a compelling narrative. The authors demonstrate that numerous Western countries, especially the United States and Great Britain, have conducted repeated and willful spying missions on Palestine and later Israel over many decades. While on the surface these two countries and others profess to be ardent allies of Israel, they work, in fact, through their intelligence services to betray Israels secrets to the Arabs. Their motive oil and multinational profits, which must be attained at any price through international covert policies. The pageant of characters appearing in this narrative is vast and shocking. This is not only a compelling work of history, but also a volume whose grave allegations will be debated for years to come. **From Publishers Weekly According to one of the authors anonymous sources, former CIA director Allen Dulles was one of the worst traitors in American history because of his involvement in the linkage among Nazi corporations, U.S. oil interests and Saudi Arabia in the 1930s. The allegations are synthesized from interviews with some 500 former intelligence officers of various nationalities. The major powers, the authors argue, have repeatedly taken covert action designed to bring about the destruction of Israel, as much out of greed for oil as anti-Semitism. Among the charges made in these pages Allied leaders conspired to block the creation of the State of Israel in 1948 for fear its presence would threaten the flow of Arab oil to the West. Great Britain and the United States, while pretending to support Israel during the Six-Day War, passed Israeli military secrets to their Arab foes. The Reagan administration tried to set up Israel as the principal scapegoat for the Iran-Contra scandal. Over the past 50 years, virtually every Jew in the world has been the subject of electronic surveillance by the British with the assistance of American intelligence. Loftus and Aarons wrote The Unholy Trinity. 1994 Reed Business Information, Inc. From Library Journal The authors (Unholy Trinity, St. Martins, 1992) argue that the United States and other Western democracies have had a covert agenda to subvert Jewish nationalistic claims throughout the century. That the U.S. State Department has always been anti-Israel has been well documented before, but the authors further their claims by relying on formerly classified American documents and the recollections of many former operatives, or old spies, as they are called here. This book will probably appeal to fans of espionage who like their tales painted in broad strokes. The very chapter titles give an indication of the strident tone of the book, e.g., Age of Bigotry, Age of Stupidity, and Age of Greed. Although there are some interesting nuggets in this book, it is an optional purchase. A much better study on some of the issues raised here is Peter Groses Israel in the Mind of America (1983). Paul Kaplan, Lake Villa Dist. Lib., Ill. 1994 Reed Business Information, Inc.
Author: Luis A. Cordón
File Type: pdf
A lot of what is marketed to the public as psychology is actually quite unscientific. Attempting to counteract the tide of misinformation about what psychology really is, Popular Pscyhology An Encyclopedia is a concise guide for anyone seeking to understand the true scientific nature of psychology. Self-help books television specials and articles in the popular press all serve to obscure the true intellectual and scientific premises on which the field of psychology is based. The serious work of the great psychological thinkers and schools of psychological thought is lost to the average person. High school and college students as well as the interested lay reader will want to consult this work to understand what is good in the popular presentation of psycholgy and what is unworthy of serious attention.A lot of what is marketed to the public as psychology is actually quite unscientific. Attempting to counteract the tide of misinformation about what psychology really is, this book is a concise guide for anyone seeking to understand the true scientific nature of psychology. Self-help books television specials and articles in the popular press all serve to obscure the true intellectual and scientific premises on which the field of psychology is based. The serious work of the great psychological thinkers and schools of psychological thought is lost to the average person. High school and college students as well as the interested lay reader will want to consult this work to understand what is good in the popular presentation of psychology and what is unworthy of serious attention.A unique and especially helful feature of Popular Pscyhology An Encyclopedia is the Guide to Related Topics. Major topic sections list the individual entries pertinent to that idea. For example, major sections include Biological Bases of Behavior Drugs and Chemicals Popular Gurus and Movements Pseudoscience Psychological Theories and Ideas Treatments. There are 121 entries covering such subjects as acupuncture alien abduction aromatherapy birth order brainwashing chemical imbalance drpressants Downs Syndrome emotional intelligence facilitated communication Howard Gardner gingko biloba insanity defense intelligence kava learning disability Dr. Phil mood disorders Mozart Effect nervous breakdown parenting styles post-traumatic stress disorder psychiatry seasonal affective disorder sleep and dreaming Tourette Syndrome. Ideas and persons familiar to the general reader or to the high school and college student are discussed in an engaging yet knowledgeable style. A general bibliography as well as further reading following each entry and a complete index make this accessible and informative work a useful addition to any library.From BooklistThe 120 or so entries in this volume cover a wide range of topics, including, for example, Alien abduction, Birth order, Insanity defense, Mad cow disease, Multiple personality disorder, Parenting styles, and Satanic ritual abuse. Also represented are individuals such as Carl Jung and Dr. Phil. The goal is to try to counteract the tide of misleading information about the field of psychology with a concise guide to some things that the well-informed student of psychology and the interested general public ought to know. The length of each entry varies from just a few lines to nine or more pages (for Memory) and there are a few black-and-white illustrations scattered throughout. Nearly all entries include a limited Further Reading list, generally offering both supporting and critical sources. Following the A-Z entries is an annotated bibliography that includes Web sites. The book cover states readers will want to consult this work to understand what is good in the popular presentation of psychology and what is unworthy of serious attention. That may well be too expansive a goal as some topics that could have been valuable for both students and lay readers appear to be missing. Two specific contemporary topics that have apparently not been included are transpersonal psychology and tissue memory. Another curiously missing topic is counseling. In the entry Psychiatry, there is a relatively straightforward discussion of the difference in practice between psychiatrists and clinical psychologists. There is, however, no mention of counseling psychologists, though this discipline is licensed by most of the individual states and is also certified nationally in the U.S.Popular Psychology is easy to read, easy to browse, and would be of value in public and undergraduate libraries that have limited information on this topic. It would also be appropriate in high-school libraries, where it could be used as a basic reference for class-based study. Scottie Wallace American Library Association. ltReview[P]rovides a concise guide for anyone seeking to understand the true scientific nature of psychology.Self help books, experts on daytime television, and articles in the popular press all serve to obscure the true intellectual and scientific premises on which true psychology is based. This book attempts to counteract the tide of misinformation.Library Media ConnectionLuis Cordons reference is actually an encyclopedia, providing a basic guide for high school to college students who want to understand the foundations of serious psychology.MBR BookwatchDonovans BookshelfPopular Psychology is easy to read, easy to browse, and would be of value in public and undergraduate libraries that have limited information on this topic. It would also be appropriate in high-school libraries, where it could be used as a basic reference for class-based study.BooklistReference Books BulletinThis encyclopedia is for high school and college students and general readers. Major themes include the biological basis of behavior, drugs and chemicals, popular movements, pseudoscience, psychological theories and ideas, and treatments.SciTech Book NewsCordons surprising encyclopedia explains the accuracies and fallacies of contemporary popular psychology when compared to the discipline practiced by professional psychologists. Cordon attempts to counteract the tide of misinformation about the field and provide a concise guide to what the well-informed student should know about psychology.[a]ddresses controversial topics forthrightly, clearly describing proponents viewpoints and the scientific challenges each issue faces.Recommended. General readers undergraduates.Choice[T]his is a very good little book, well worthy of our recommendation this is the sort of book that all public libraries should consider stocking.Reference ReviewsAfter explaining psychology and pseudoscience, the author deftly covers a wide variety of topics including acupuncture, alien abductions, emotional intelligences, Sigmund Freud, and satanic ritual abuses in an encyclopedic format.Because psychology and self-hlep books are popular in todays society, this book will serve as a good introduction to many topics. Psychology classes would be able to use this volume for quick answers and a guide to further study. Recommended.Library Media Connection
Author: Andreas Schäfer
File Type: pdf
In the nineteenth century, horse transportation consumed vast amounts of land for hay production, and the intense traffic and ankle-deep manure created miserable living conditions in urban centers. The introduction of the horseless carriage solved many of these problems but has created others. Today another revolution in transportation seems overdue. Transportation consumes two-thirds of the worlds petroleum and has become the largest contributor to global environmental change. Most of this increase in scale can be attributed to the strong desire for personal mobility that comes with economic growth. In Transportation in a Climate-Constrained World, the authors present the first integrated assessment of the factors affecting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from passenger transportation. They examine such topics as past and future travel demand the influence of personal and business choices on passenger travels climate impact technologies and alternative fuels that may become available to mitigate GHG emissions from passenger transport and policies that would promote their adoption. And most important, taking into account all of these options, they consider how to achieve a more sustainable transportation system in the next thirty to fifty years.
Author: Mark Neocleous
File Type: pdf
Why is liberalism so obsessed with waste? Is there a drone above you now? Are you living in a no-fly zone? What is the role of masculinity in the war on terror? And why do so many liberals say they love peace while finding new ways to justify slaughter in the name of security? In this, the first book to deal with the concepts of war power and police power together, Mark Neocleous deals with these questions and many more by using critical theory to radically rethink war power. Neocleous generates a provocative set of claims about state power and capital accumulation, the role of violence in the making of liberal order, the police wars at the heart of this violence, and the ways in which these processes come to be called peace. And he takes the reader down some unexpected paths the war on waste, debates about effeminacy, the proliferation of resilience and trauma-talk, drones as the culmination of colonial bombing campaigns, and no-fly zones as the perfect accompaniment for drones. The result is a compelling book that articulates a vision of warpolice power beyond the military and the police.**