Author: Samantha A. Shave File Type: pdf Pauper policies examines how policies under both Old and New Poor Laws were conceived, adopted, implemented, developed or abandoned. The book engages with recent literature on the experience and agency of poor relief recipients, and offers a fresh perspective on poor law administration. Through a policy process approach, the author exposes several significant areas of poor law history that are currently unknown or poorly understood, each of which is explored in a series of thematic chapters. This volume contains important new research on the adoption and implementation of enabling acts at the end of the Old Poor Laws, Gilberts Act of 1782 and Sturges Bournes Acts of 1818 and 1819 the exchange of knowledge about how best to provide poor relief in the final decades of the Old Poor Law and formative decades of the New and the impact of national scandals on policy-making in the new Victorian system. It points towards a new direction in the study of poor law administration, one which examines how people - both those in positions of power and the poor - could shape pauper policies. It is essential reading for anyone with an interest in welfare, poverty and society in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century England, as well as those who want to understand the early workings of the welfare system.

Author: Susan B. Edgington File Type: pdf This collection brings together new work by an international cast of distinguished scholars, who explore areas as diverse as the military and ecclesiastical aspects of the First Crusade its representation in contemporary sculpture and the way it has been portrayed in modern fiction and film. Further contributions analyse and compare primary sources and historiography, and yet others consider the crusade in its Mediterranean context, which is sometimes overlooked. These definitive studies of established areas of research are augmented by the ground-breaking work of a number of early-career academics who are working in relatively new areas the emotional language used in the narrative sources the memorialization of the crusades and the use of literary sources for crusade studies notably there are complementary papers on the heroes and villains depicted in the Old French poetic accounts of the First Crusade. In these twenty-one essays every historian and interested reader of medieval history will find illumination and food for thought.

Author: Bruce N. Waller File Type: pdf The Injustice of Punishment emphasizes that we can never make sense of moral responsibility while also acknowledging that punishment is sometimes unavoidable. Recognizing both the injustice and the necessity of punishment is painful but also beneficial. It motivates us to find effective means of minimizing both the use and severity of punishment, and encourages deeper inquiry into the causes of destructive behavior and how to change those causes in order to reduce the need for punishment. There is an emerging alternative to the comfortable but destructive system of moral responsibility and just deserts. That alternative is not the creation of philosophers but of sociologists, criminologists, psychologists, and workplace engineers it was developed, tested, and employed in factories, prisons, hospitals, and other settings and it is writ large in the practices of cultures that minimize belief in individual moral responsibility. The alternative marks a promising path to less punishment, less coercive control, deeper common commitment, and more genuine freedom. **

Author: Carolyn Culbertson File Type: pdf Words Underway offers the first full account of the important contributions the Continental tradition has made to the philosophy of language. Carolyn Culbertson examines the vital work of a range of thinkers, including Heidegger, Gadamer, Blanchot, and Kristeva. The book argues that Continental theorists are particularly helpful in recognizing our unique potential for becoming alienated from some discourse. At the same time, Culbertson argues that Continental philosophy of language tends not to treat the alienated relationship to language as something absolute. For most Continental theorists, at least, language is a living system, that is, a system maintained by undergoing constant expansion and transformation by language users. The book goes on to explore the attention Continental theorists have given to the way that forms of political power, for example gender dynamics in communication, can sometimes thwart this process and thus reinforce alienation. This book will transform the readers sense of what the philosophy of language is about and will attract the attention of students and scholars of both philosophy of language and the Continental tradition.ReviewCulbertsons book breaks new ground in offering a comprehensive treatment of the philosophy of language from a continental perspective, not simply a survey of representative authors but a unique thematic path for new directions that exceed standard assumptions how normative and developmental elements take precedence over mere descriptive accounts of linguistic formats how the experience of alienation is a key factor in human discourse and development how creative openness is an ever-ready impetus in language how constraining and liberating forces both contribute to identity formation and cultural possibilities. Highly recommended. (Lawrence J. Hatab, Louis I. Jaffe Professor of Philosophy, Old Dominion University)Culbertson makes a clear and convincing argument for the importance of continental philosophy of language to contemporary thought, an argument that is accessible to beginners and useful to experts. Rather than surveying the entire field, she begins with Heidegger and Gadamer to establish the inescapable ways that language and existence are interwoven. She then complicates and enriches this picture by examining how continental thinkers address moments of alienation from language, from the traumas of the Holocaust, to the challenges of gender (Butler), from the silences of depression (Kristeva) to the agonies of colonialism (Derrida). She closes by returning to Heidegger and the questions posed at the beginning, so that the reader can see why it makes sense to speak of continental philosophy as a distinctive tradition. Her book is an important contribution to scholarship and to the classroom.(Meili Steele, Professor of English Language and Literature, University of South Carolina) Focusing on linguistic alienation, Words Underway makes a persuasive case for the importance of continental thought for language philosophy. Lucidly argued, it counters linguistic determinism by showcasing the disclosive and transformative force of language, through an original analysis of, among others, Heidegger, Gadamer, Derrida, Butler, and Kristeva. It breaks new ground by bringing together phenomenological and hermeneutical approaches to language with feminist philosophy.(Krzysztof Ziarek, Professor of Comparative Literature, University at Buffalo, SUNY) Words Underway calls for developing continental philosophies of language, and in doing so opens paths for philosophers to engage language beyond its characterization as a rational tool for the articulation of experience, for representation, or as a mere system of meanings. Culbertsons original work not only shows that to be human is for us to live in language but draws one back to it as elemental for understanding existing in and through alterity.(Alejandro Vallega, Associate Professor of Philosophy, University of Oregon) In Words Underway, Culbertson takes continental philosophy of language in new directions, drawing on hermeneutic phenomenology in Heidegger and Gadamer, deconstructive approaches in Blanchot and Derrida, French feminist theory in Kristeva, and as well critical gender theory in Butler. Written in clear and simple style, this masterful debut explores, in classic phenomenological manner, how our access to language transforms the experience of suffering of loss, memory, social alienation, and survival into something else. Culbertson pushes beyond the use of language as tool in communication, and the linguistic turn, and convincingly argues that the non-immediate relationship to language expresses world-forming and meaning-making as more essentially creative of the human being. (Emilia Angelova, Associate Professor in the Department of Philosophy, Concordia University)Culberstons Words Underway is a significant contribution to the continental study of the philosophy of language. Not only does she engage a diverse group of thinkersGadamer, Derrida, Percy, Celan, Butler, Kristevabut she also brilliantly explores how we as linguistic beings experience alienation in our various linguistic practices.(Cynthia R. Nielsen, Assistant Professor of Philosophy, University of Dallas) About the Author Carolyn Culbertson is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Florida Gulf Coast University. She has published articles in journals including Southwest Philosophy Review, IJFAB International Journal of Feminist Approaches to Bioethics, Continental Philosophy Review, Philosophy Today and Comparative and Continental Philosophy. She is the co-founder of the Southwest Florida Feminist Community Reading Group and Vice President of the North American Society for Philosophical Hermeneutics.