Author: Robert W. Gehl File Type: pdf An exploration of the Dark Webwebsites accessible only with special routing softwarethat examines the history of three anonymizing networks, Freenet, Tor, and I2P.The term Dark Web conjures up drug markets, unregulated gun sales, stolen credit cards. But, as Robert Gehl points out in Weaving the Dark Web, for each of these illegitimate uses, there are other, legitimate ones the New York Timess anonymous whistleblowing system, for example, and the use of encryption by political dissidents. Defining the Dark Web straightforwardly as websites that can be accessed only with special routing software, and noting the frequent use of legitimate and its variations by users, journalists, and law enforcement to describe Dark Web practices (judging them legit or sh!t), Gehl uses the concept of legitimacy as a window into the Dark Web. He does so by examining the history of three Dark Web systems Freenet, Tor, and I2P. Gehl presents three distinct meanings of legitimate legitimate force, or the states claim to a monopoly on violence organizational propriety and authenticity. He explores how Freenet, Tor, and I2P grappled with these different meanings, and then discusses each form of legitimacy in detail by examining Dark Web markets, search engines, and social networking sites. Finally, taking a broader view of the Dark Web, Gehl argues for the value of anonymous political speech in a time of ubiquitous surveillance. If we shut down the Dark Web, he argues, we lose a valuable channel for dissent.**ReviewHere Gehl deftly navigates the ambivalent, sometimes counterintuitive ways legitimacy is used to describe the Dark Webs uses and meanings. This approach simultaneously illuminates the discursive contours of the Dark Web and situates it within broader conversations about the power dynamics, social formations, and political implications baked into networked technologies.Whitney Phillips, Assistant Professor of Communication, Culture, and Digital Technologies, Syracuse University author of This Is Why We Cant Have Nice Things Mapping the Relationship between Online Trolling and Mainstream Culture and coauthor (with Ryan Milner) of The Ambivalent Internet Mischief, Oddity, and Antagonism Online (Endorsement) Gehl treats us to a brilliant analysis of the technologies, uses, and users of the Dark Web. Replacing sensationalist myths with sensitive and profound ethnography, Weaving the Dark Web is essential reading on a sorely neglected field of Internet studies.Nicholas John, Senior Lecturer in the Department of Communication, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem author of The Age of Sharing (Endorsement) This book is legit, a fascinating and accomplished exploration of a sociotechnical frontier, the Dark Web. Drawing together contemporary thought and presenting new insights, this book moves our understanding of the technological practices and social milieu occupying these emergent digital spaces forward. A must-read for Internet scholars and the digitally curious.Alexia Maddox, Lecturer in Communications, School of Communication and Creative Arts, Deakin University (Melbourne, Australia) author of Research Methods and Global Online Communities A Case Study (Endorsement) About the Author Robert W. Gehl is Associate Professor in the Department of Communication at the University of Utah, where he is also an affiliated faculty member in the Department of Writing and Rhetoric. He is the author of Reverse Engineering Social Media, winner of the 2015 Association of Internet Researchers Nancy Baym Award.

Author: Alexander Riley File Type: pdf When United Flight 93, the fourth plane hijacked in the September 11, 2001 terrorist attacks, crashed into a field near Shanksville, Pennsylvania, the gash it left in the ground became a national site of mourning. The flights 40 passengers became a media obsession, and countless books, movies, and articles told the tale of their heroic fight to band together and sacrifice their lives to stop Flight 93 from becoming a weapon of terror. InAngel Patriots, Alexander Riley argues that by memorializing these individuals as patriots, we have woven them into much larger story of our nationan existing web of narratives, values, dramatic frameworks, and cultural characters about what it means to be truly American.Riley examines the symbolic impact and role of the Flight 93 disaster in the nations collective consciousness, delving into the spontaneous memorial efforts that blossomed in Shanksville immediately after the news of the crash spread the ad-hoc sites honoring the victims that in time emerged, such as a Parks Department-maintained memorial close to the crash site and a Flight 93 Chapel created by a local Catholic priest and finally, the creation of an official, permanent crash monument in Shanksville like those built for past American wars. Riley also analyzes the cultural narratives that evolved in films and in books around the events on the day of the crash and the lives and deaths of its angel patriot passengers, uncovering how these representations of the event reflect the myth of the authentic American nationone that Americans believed was gravely threatened in the September 11 attacks. A profound and thought-provoking study,Angel Patriotsunveils how, in the wake of 911, America mourned much more than the loss of life.**

Author: Paul Flenley File Type: pdf This volume is timely in that it explores key issues which are currently at the forefront of the EUs relations with its eastern neighbours. It considers the impact of a more assertive Russia, the significance of Turkey, the limitations of the Eastern Partnership with Belarus and Moldova, the position of a Ukraine in crisis and pulled between Russia and the EU, security and democracy in the South Caucasus. It looks at the contested nature of European identity in areas such as the Balkans. In addition it looks at ways in which the EUs interests and values can be tested in sectors such as trade and migration. The interplay between values, identity and interests and their effect on the interpretation of europeanisation between the EU and its neighbours is a core theme of the volume.

Author: Richard Whatmore File Type: pdf What is intellectual history? Those who practice intellectual history have described themselves as eavesdroppers upon the conversations of the past, explorers of alien ideological worlds, and translators between historic societies and our own, while their critics have often derided them as narrow-mindedly studying the ideas of dead white men. Some consider the discipline to be among the most important in the humanities and social sciences because it facilitates a better understanding of contemporary ideological programmes and facilitates their rational evaluation.In this engaging and refreshing introduction to the field, Richard Whatmore begins by examining the historical development of intellectual history, before dissecting its various methodological debates. He presents various alternative ways in which we should think about intellectual history, as well as presenting his own very clear definition of the field. Drawing on a wide range of historical examples, Whatmore shows how ideas - philosophical, political, religious, scientific, artistic - originated in their historical context and how they were both shaped by, and helped to shape, the societies in which they originated. He ends by casting a critical eye over the current state of intellectual history, and a brief discussion of how it might develop in the future.What is Intellectual History? will become an essential textbook for scholars and students of intellectual history, philosophy, politics, and the humanities.