Author: Adrian Raine File Type: pdf This book is devoted to examining schizotypal personality and provides a comprehensive overview of our current knowledge. It includes reviews of genetics, neurodevelopment, assessment, psychophysiology, neuropsychology, and brain imaging. Central themes are the exploration of categorical and dimensional approaches to the understanding of schizotypal disorder and its relationship to schizophrenia, by some of the worlds leading researchers. Valuable introductory and concluding chapters set in context the sometimes divergent opinions and findings presented by the books contributors, and there are reviews of methodological issues and assessment schedules for the benefit of researchers in the field. In setting out to answer, from phenomenological, psychological and neurobiological perspectives, the fundamental question of what schizotypal disorder is and to develop coherent etiological models, this book will serve as an authoritative resource for clinicians and researchers interested in this major personality disorder.

Author: Neta Crawford File Type: pdf In May 2009, American B-1B bombers dropped 2,000-pound and 500-pound bombs in the village of Garani, Afghanistan following a Taliban attack. The dead included anywhere from twenty five to over one hundred civilians. The U.S. military went into damage control mode, making numerous apologies to the Afghan government and the townspeople. Afterward, the military announced that it would modify its aerial support tactics. This episode was hardly an anomaly. As anyone who has followed the Afghanistan war knows, these types of incidents occur with depressing regularity. Indeed, as Neta Crawford shows in Accountability for Killing, they are intrinsic to the American way of warfare today. While the military has prioritized reducing civilian casualties, it has not come close to eliminating them despite significant progress in recent years, for a very simple reason American reliance on airpower and, increasingly, drone technology, which is intended to reduce American casualties. Yet the long distance from targets, the power of the explosives, and the frequency of attacks necessarily produces civilian casualties over the course of a long war. Working from these basic facts, Crawford offers a sophisticated and intellectually powerful analysis of culpability and moral responsibility in war. The dominant paradigm of legal and moral responsibility in war today stresses both intention and individual accountability. Deliberate killing of civilians is outlawed and international law blames individual soldiers and commanders for such killing. But also under international law, civilian killing may be forgiven if it was unintended and incidental to a militarily necessary operation. Given the nature of contemporary war, though, Crawford contends that this argument is no longer satisfactory. As she demonstrates, unintended deaths of civilians are too often dismissed as unavoidable, inevitable, and accidental. Yet essentially, the very law that protects noncombatants from deliberate killing allows unintended killing. An individual soldier may be sentenced life in prison or death for deliberately killing even a small number of civilians, but the large scale killing of dozens or even hundreds of civilians may be forgiven if it was unintentional-incidental to a military operation. She focuses on the causes of these many episodes of foreseeable collateral damage and the moral responsibility for them. Why was there so much unintended killing of civilians in the U.S. wars zones in Afghanistan, Iraq and Pakistan? Is collateral damage simply an unavoidable consequence of all wars? Why, when the U.S. military tries so hard to limit collateral damage, does so much of it seem to occur? Trenchant, original, and ranging across security studies, international law, ethics, and international relations, Accountability for Killing will reshape our understanding of the ethics of contemporary war.

Author: Mthuli Ncube File Type: pdf The emergence of the African middle class as a driver of Africas economic growth stands out as an important milestone in Africas contemporary economic history. This growth, though uneven, is a source of hope for Africa, but also a signal to the rest of the world on the prospects for economic recovery and renewal, particularly because it has been steady despite the global downturn. ul l*l ul The Emerging Middle Class in Africa analyses specific aspects of the lives of the middle class in Africa. It looks at how people become and remain in the middle class through a series of thematic chapters. It examines how behaviour changes in the process, in terms of consumption patterns and spending on health and education. A further dimension of this analysis is how class impacts on gender relations and whether women are able to reap the same benefits of social advancement available to men. Africa is a continent of such scale and diversity that experiences across countries vary widely. The book thus captures the common patterns across the continent. Thistext is primarily aimed at Africanist researchers, policy makers, development practitioners, and bilateral and multilateral institutions, as well as students of African studies, political science, political economy, development studies, and development economics. **Review Since the beginning of this new Millennium Africa has enjoyed an unprecedented growth spell and a significant reduction in poverty. One of the correlates of the present growth spell is the emergence of a middle class. This volume describes clearly the importance of education and health in helping poor households move gradually into a higher and more diversified consumption pattern. Likewise, a successful structural transformation providing workers moving out of agriculture with stable and salaried jobs in non-agricultural sectors is crucial to the creation of a middle class. Another contribution of this book is to show the close interrelationship between the existence of a middle class and improved governance and the appearance of democratic institutions. While many obstacles still need to be overcome before a strong and sustainable middle class dominates the social fabric in Africa, this volume provides the reader with a bright ray of hope.Erik Thorbeck, Cornell University, USA The global economic sentiment around Sub-Saharan Africa has changed dramatically over the last few years. From being viewed as a continent rife with political and economic uncertainty, together with a tendency toward economic and social collapse, the current dominating view is that Sub-Saharan Africa remains the last of the great untapped markets, ripe for rapid growth and development. These views are supported by the data, which show that six of the worlds ten fastest growing economies during 2001-2010 were in Sub-Saharan Africa. In this timely book, we are given a unique and data-rich insight into one of the key manifestations of this great African renaissance the rise of the African middle class. Through the expert hands of Mthuli Ncube and Charles Lufumpa, the various authors deal carefully and systematically with issues ranging from the size and shape of this new, huge consumer market to the role played by educational institutions in ensuring the sustenance of this class. As a compendium for those interested in understanding one of the key drivers of this continents economic future this volume will prove indispensable. Haroon Bhorat, University of Cape Town, South Africa These are exciting times in Africa. The region has witnessed sustained growth for about two decades in proportions that parallel Asian tigers. The Africa growth renaissance is not accidental, but generated by fruits of extensive economic and financial sector reforms, including empowerment of private initiative and human capital development resulting from investment in quality education and technology. The growth dividend has manifested itself in improved access to health, clean water, education, reduction in infant mortality, and reduction in poverty. While the growth syndrome is widely celebrated in the Africa Rising story, there are still issues of lack of growth inclusiveness and insufficient sharing of prosperity. However, one dimension that has not yet received sufficient attention, and that needs to be equally celebrated, is the emergence of African middle class which is associated with strong African growth. Ncube and Lufumpa (Eds.) provide the first comprehensive documentation of the rising African middle class based on a consumption model, and equally important, they catalogue the drivers of this emerging class, along with its multiplier effect on future growth, improved governance, innovation, and even enhanced global integration of the region. The book makes it clear that the lower end of the middle class is still vulnerable, and on the edge, with the possibility of devolving into subsistence, but they provide a menu of risk management mechanisms to mitigate such vulnerabilities. This book is uplifting, methodologically and intellectually sound, and rich in policy prescriptions. A must read for researchers, educators, policy makers, and global partners. As AERC (*www.aercafrica.org*) Executive Director, I am heartened by this policy and intellectually rich book, since it is getting widely known that that informed policy making is among the key factors of production for Africa growth, and the resulting middle class, with AERC at the center of capacity building for informed policy making over the last 25 years. I salute Mthuli and Lufumpa for putting together such an informative and timely book. Lemma W. Senbet, Professor and Executive Director, African Economic Research Consortium and The William E. Mayer Chair Professor of Finance, University of Maryland, USA a timely topic, by genuine experts Paul Collier, University of Oxford, UK Edited by individuals who work at the African Development Bank GroupNcube (chief economist and vice president) and Lufumpa (director, statistics department)and written largely by economists and statisticians in academia and nongovernmental organizations, this book looks at the size, growth, and impact of the middle class in Africa Useful chapter notes, references, and index. Summing Up Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above. CHOICE, J. E. Weaver, emerita, Drake University This book is an important contribution to understanding change in contemporary Africa minor quibbles aside, the book is a thoughtful advance of our knowledge about a crucial research agenda. IJAHS, John R. Heilbrunn, Colorado School of Mines About the Author Mthuli Ncube is Chief Economist and Vice-President of the African Development Bank Group. He oversees the process of knowledge generation and management within the bank and its regional member countries.Professor Ncube is a Senior Research Fellow at the Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, UK, and a Research Fellow at St Anthonys College, University of Oxford, UK. Charles Leyeka Lufumpa is Director of the Statistics Department at the African Development Bank Group. He oversees the banks activities to build statistical capacity as well as the data needs for results measurement in its operations in African countries.

Author: Heinrich Heine File Type: epub One of the first men of this century is how Heine described himself when he claimed to have been born in the early hours of 1800. It was typical of Heine to create this humorous doubt - he was in fact born in 1797. He was a restless and homeless poet, a Jew among Germans, a German in Paris, a rebel among the bourgeoisie and always, as his famous doppelganger poems show, a man divided against himself. This selection, with the German originals accompanied by English prose translations, provides the perfect introduction to Heine. He can be magnificent as an acute, irreverent commentator on politics and current events, though his genius most often strikes home in the poems filled with despair, or sensuality, or sweetness, or self-mockery, in which he draws out the whole gamut of emotions provoked by love and immanent death.**About the Author Born in 1797 in French occupied Dusseldorf to middle class Jewish parents, Heinrich Heine after a Jesuit and Hebrew education was sent to both Frankfurt and Hamburg to learn business. It became evident that he had little aptitude for, or interest in the world of commerce and he left to study at the University of Bonn. Originally intending to study law Heine met A. W. von Schlegel, professor of literature and a cofounder of German romanticism, who encouraged his literary bent. Stifled by the conservatism and anti-Semitism at Bonn Heine left for the University of Gottingen, which was in fact less suited to him than Bonn. He was suspended and then left for the University of Berlin, where he famously attended lectures by Hegel. Literary sponsors helped him to publish Gedichte (Poems) in 1822. These poems followed romantic conventions but were also marked by a novel use of language and imagery. Lyrisches Intermezzo (1823) and the lyric cycle Heimkehr (1826 Homecoming) show improved command of lyric form and frequently project the simplicity and directness of the folk song and the folk ballad. In 1825 his uncle, who had funded his education insisted he return to Gottingen and complete his degree in law. He was christened so that he could handle Christian clients, and took the name Heinrich, replacing his birth name Harry. After leaving university Heine travelled extensively, inspiring much of his work. He wrote Buch der Lieder (Book of Songs) in 1827, which attracted a great deal of attention, both from the public and from a number of composers including Johannes Brahms, Franz Schubert, and Robert Schumann, who would set his work to music. He searched for a secure professional position, but was unable to maintain one, and so, in the wake of the French Revolution Heine moved to Paris. The move to Paris effectively heralded the end of Heines romantic period, and he became more interested in German Philosophy, and sharing this with the French amongst other things. His later poetry became more cynical and disillusioned, and cared for by his French wife, who he wed in 1841he died in 1956, and is buried in the cemetery of Montmartre in Paris.