Captain James Cook, a British Navigator, Cartographer and explorer was one of the pre-eminent sailors and innovators of his age. Now a controversial figure for indigenous cultures who see him as the instigator and symbol of European colonial expansion and genocide; the real James Cook was actually quite a different man to what has been imagined. Coming from abject poverty in rural Yorkshire England; raised among the pacifist and hard working Quakers, he dreamed of sailing to far off lands in the pacific since he was a boy. Working as an apprentice aboard a grubby Whitby Cat collier, he soon proved himself a hard working and competent sailor. He was later to join the Royal Navy and sail to Canada, taking part in the siege of Louisburg and Quebec, while learning the cartography and surveying skills that were to revolutionise the Navy from that time on. James Cook circumnavigated the globe three times, charted approximately a third of the unknown coastlines of the globe; beginning with his first voyage aboard the Endeavour, with Naturalists Joseph Banks and Daniel Solander. He was the first man to sail below, and above the 70th parallel, and his regime of hygiene and fresh food revolutionised the management of scurvy while at sea. For this, he was admitted as a fellow to the Royal Society, as well as raised from the rank of Master, to Lieutenant and then Post Captain -something that would otherwise have caused a scandal among the high society gentry, if it were not for his incredible reputation. In all three of his major voyages, spanning twenty years, he never lost one crew member to the disease, which was an astonishing achievement when compared to a 40% plus death rate that was typical of long range voyages in the time preceding his. His untimely murder in Hawaii robbed the world of a humble, humane and dedicated leader, whose legacy now risks being tarnished by historical revisionists more focused on political activism than historical reality. #captaincook, #jamescook, #realhero, #aussiehero, #endeavour, #Australia, #navigator, #cartographer, #circumnavigation 00:08:10 Whitby, the Walkers and his apprenticeship 00:09:42 The Quakers 00:20:00 Royal Navy career in Canada and charting development 00:31:15 Circumnavigation 1: The Venus Transit expedition 00:41:41 Tahiti 00:45:03 New Zealand and Tupaia's Maori mediation 00:48:43 The New Holland Coast 00:53:51 Shipwreck and Aboriginal interaction 00:56:29 Rounding the top end and claiming New Holland 00:58:27 Disaster in Batavia 01:01:00 Circumnavigation 2: the 60th Parallel and terra incognita 01:06:00 Honours back home 01:07:17 Circumnavigation 3: Hawaii, Alaska and the Northwest Passage 01:11:25 Conflict and death in Hawaii 01:17:26 The "Noble Savage"? 01:18:46 Legacy and conclusion Searchable copies of both Cook's and Bank's journals are available : https://nla.gov.au/nla.obj-228958465/view https://webarchive.nla.gov.au/awa/20110315072757/http://southseas.nla.gov.au/journals/banks/contents.html ERRATA / CORRIGENDA: Thanks to all the viewers who wrote in with corrections! Its difficult to produce this kind of material over many long hours without an editorial team, so the odd error creeping in is inevitable! 1. Linnaeus was incorrectly addressed as Swiss rather than Swedish. Sincere apologies to my Swedish viewers! 2. The opening sequences show Lenin's bust rather than Stalin- for which I had no acceptable statue image- apologies for any confusion. 3. The pronunciation of Staithes has the "e" remain silent. Apologies to my English friends 4. Elizabeth Batts Cook lived to be 93 and not 85 years old as was incorrectly stated in the film. Closing music: Long Road Ahead by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100588 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ Some viewers have complained about the music choice and volume - so I have uploaded another copy of this video -minus the music tracks- here: https://youtu.be/hbj119ex8LU A narration-only audio version of this video (i.e. minus the music) is available on the Heroes and Legends Documentary Channel Podcast. Simply search on Spotify, Itunes or one of the other leading providers for details. If you enjoy my content, leave your suggestions and comments below, and please consider making a donation via the heart-shaped Thanks link on your screen; via PayPal or sign up as a Patreon supporter to help me continue making these unfunded educational videos: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=4D958V58PAVDU https://www.patreon.com/heroesandlegends https://buymeacoffee.com/infoQh For resources, links to my other videos, merchandise, the latest social media posts and podcast links, please visit my Heroes and Legends Website: www.heroesandlegends.com.au ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H6Fz88l2vlo

The Irish Potato famine of the 1840 is one of the most tragic chapters in its history, and much discussion has centred on British Culpability for the extent of the disaster. What most people don't know is that much of the prevailing philosophical ideology that influenced attitudes among the ruling classes was the direct result of Thomas Malthus demographic arguments about the nature of population growth. His work was so influential that both Charles Darwin and Alfred Russell Wallace studied him extensively such that the theory of Natural Selection drew inspiration from his work. History would ultimately prove him wrong, but the backlash came in the form of widespread reformist trade union activism, which Carl Marx, then travelling throughout London, used to crystallise his own socialist theories. #irish #famine #history #Malthus #darwin #marx #socialism This Extract is from our full length video entitled: The Irish Problem, Fenian Rebels and the Catalpa Rescue; which you can watch here: https://youtu.be/XS7COJeHltE If you enjoy my content, leave your suggestions and comments below, and please consider making a donation via PayPal or sign up as a Patreon supporter to help me continue making these unfunded educational videos: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=4D958V58PAVDU https://www.patreon.com/heroesandlegends https://buymeacoffee.com/infoQh For resources, links to my other videos, merchandise, the latest social media posts and podcast links, please visit my Heroes and Legends Website: www.heroesandlegends.com.au ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dJghbFGazBU

In a previous video, we looked at the early history of the Falkland Islands; rival claims to its sovereignty and the status quo leading into the modern era. In this short extract from our full length video on Margaret Thatcher, we look at the emerging post colonial landscape and the political and economic triggers that led to the conflict between Argentina and the UK in 1982 #falklands #falklandswar #falklandislands #malvinasargentinas #malvinas #history You can watch the full length video on Margaret Thatcher here: https://youtu.be/6nwe0f_YBzI If you enjoy my content, leave your suggestions and comments below, and please consider making a donation via PayPal or sign up as a Patreon supporter to help me continue making these unfunded educational videos: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=4D958V58PAVDU https://www.patreon.com/heroesandlegends https://buymeacoffee.com/infoQh For resources, links to my other videos, merchandise, the latest social media posts and podcast links, please visit my Heroes and Legends Website: www.heroesandlegends.com.au ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1y_YPsgIz_Y

Uzbeg (Özbeg) Khan (1282–1341), was the longest-reigning khan of the Golden Horde, which was originally a Mongol and later Turkicized khanate established in the 13th century and originating as the northwestern sector of the Mongol Empire. Öz Beg maintained one of the largest armies in the world, which exceeded 300,000 warriors and was enmeshed in the disputes and political life of eastern Europe, being a kingmaker in both Russia and Bulgaria, as well as a son-in-law of the Byzantine Emperor. Öz Beg was very tolerant of Christians as exemplified by a letter of thanks he received from Pope John XXII in which the Christian leader thanked Öz Beg for his kind treatment of Christians. He also permitted the establishment of Genoese trading colonies on the southern shores of the Crimean Peninsula. You can watch our full video on Ibn Battuta's Journey through the lands of the Golden Horde here: https://youtu.be/FavaU9D9lf8 #Özbeg #Uzbeg #khan #goldenhorde #mongolempire #history #documentary #ibnbattuta If you enjoy my content, leave your suggestions and comments below, and please consider making a donation via PayPal or sign up as a Patreon supporter to help me continue making these unfunded educational videos: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=4D958V58PAVDU https://www.patreon.com/heroesandlegends https://buymeacoffee.com/infoQh For resources, links to my other videos, merchandise, the latest social media posts and podcast links, please visit my Heroes and Legends Website: www.heroesandlegends.com.au ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XnLHgbA3Lfo