This film explores the geopolitical situation of the late medieval period wherein an enabled papacy, thanks to its projection of spiritual authority onto temporal powers, became increasingly political and corrupt. With the advent of climate change that caused the little ice age in the early 1300's, there followed the great famine of 1315 that killed a quarter of Europe's population, as well as causing a collapse of the livestock, grain supply and local economies for decades. Just as they began to recover, Europe was then hit by the Black Death (or Bubonic Plague) in 1346, which caused the death of upwards of half the remaining population. Labour shortages then caused peasant and working class unrest, as well as a growing sense that the end of the world was coming. Both they and the professors in the universities, squarely viewed the church, its endemic corruption and the scandal of first, the Avignon Papal "Babylonian Captivity" and then the subsequent Great Schism that saw multiple competing anti-popes, as being in need of serious reform. In England, John Wycliff began his series of tirades against the pope in Rome, while in Bohemia, nationalist stirrings by an oppressed Czech population led to a similar movement led by priest and university professor Jan Hus (or John Huss). His betrayal, eventual burning at the stake in 1415 and subsequent mass uprising by his Hussite followers set off shockwaves throughout Europe that would eventually lead Martin Luther, a hundred years later, to begin the Protestant Revolution. #janhus, #johnhuss, #protestant, #reformation, #bohemia, #medieval, #papacy, #plague, #blackdeath, #hussites Several viewers have commented that the music soundtrack was a distraction, so I've uploaded a - MUSIC FREE - version here: https://youtu.be/2Qfu2-itC6U For an audio-narration only version of this video, Please visit the Heroes and Legends Documentary Channel Podcast, through Spotify and other leading broadcasters. If you enjoy my content, leave your suggestions and comments below, and please consider making a donation via PayPal or sign up as a Patreon supporter to help me continue making these unfunded educational videos: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=4D958V58PAVDU https://www.patreon.com/heroesandlegends https://buymeacoffee.com/infoQh For resources, links to my other videos, merchandise, the latest social media posts and podcast links, please visit my Heroes and Legends Website: www.heroesandlegends.com.au Music: 1. Folk Round by Kevin MacLeod is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 license. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Source: http://incompetech.com/music/royalty-free/index.html?isrc=USUAN1100357 Artist: http://incompetech.com/ 2. Yonder Hill and Dale by Aaron Kenny: free youtube license ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qavGsly6y98

The genius of Shakespeare is the way in which he smashed traditional notions of good versus evil by constructing stories whose characters are often stuck between two equally tragic choices, or through dilemmas where there is no clear cut good decision. In stories such as Hamlet, which were originally sourced from Viking tales, the traditional idea of revenge becomes complicated by the Christian moral teaching that revenge makes a victim out of the archetypal "bad guy", and turn the avenger into a mortal sinner. An idea that ancient notions of Heroics simply don't need to grapple with. #shakespeare #hamlet #philosophy #ethics You can watch the full video on Shakespeare here: https://youtu.be/D_QgmPwEYTA All film sources used in this montage remain the respective property of their owners and are used here solely for educational purposes & are gratefully acknowledged. See end credits in the full length video for a list of sources. If you enjoy my content, leave your suggestions and comments below, and please consider making a donation via PayPal or sign up as a Patreon supporter to help me continue making these unfunded educational videos: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=4D958V58PAVDU https://www.patreon.com/heroesandlegends https://buymeacoffee.com/infoQh For resources, links to my other videos, merchandise, the latest social media posts and podcast links, please visit my Heroes and Legends Website: www.heroesandlegends.com.au ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JPxNxIhVAsc

Australian history is replete with strange stories of both heroes and rascals, sacrifice and bravery, triumph and failure. None more so than that of the struggle of indigenous Aboriginals to resist their displacement by a rapidly expanding colonization by Europeans. In this tragic landscape, strange alliances were often made, between desperate convict escapees (many of whom were political prisoners rather than petty criminals) and the outgunned indigenous people. This excerpt is from our video on Pemulwuy, the Aboriginal guerrilla warrior who almost broke the British. You can view the entire video here: https://youtu.be/euqzzoECwF4 #pemulwuy #irish #convict #australia #aboriginal ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6005KKLGc6Y

Albert Facey, born at the desperate tail end of the Australian gold rush, suffered incredible hardship, poverty and even child slavery, only to escape and survive like so many other Huckleberry Finns of his time, purely by his wits and determination, in a harsh, unforgiving land. Illiterate, he taught himself to read and write, and was soon swept up in the fervour of the Great War. Ending up in the hell of Gallipoli, and its horrors of trench warfare, he was wounded and returned to Australia. He had barely settled into married life, when the Great depression hit; a nightmare he was only too familiar with from his childhood. Battling constant illness himself, and then losing a son in the second world war, and still having the strength to go on, his was a tale similar to so many others, of one disaster after another, of narrow escapes and lean expectations. And yet, in his 80’s he was to name his published memoirs “A Fortunate Life”, reflecting his incredibly positive outlook on life. He was in many ways the archetypical battler of his era, one of the faceless legions of pioneers that build nations, and a voice from the past that we can all benefit listening to. Join us, as we explore the life of this extraordinary, yet ordinary man, and pause to take some inspiration, during our own trying times, from his indomitable spirit. #aussiehero, #aussiebattler, #abfacey, #anzac Several viewers have commented that they found the music soundtrack distracting, so I've uploaded a - MUSIC FREE - version here: https://youtu.be/MrnZeNJ6zPQ A narration-only audio version of this video is available on the Heroes and Legends Documentary Channel Podcast, available through Spotify, Itunes and other leading broadcasters. All film footage used in this educational montage remains the property of its respective owners and is gratefully acknowledged. If you enjoy my content, leave your suggestions and comments below, and please consider making a donation via PayPal or sign up as a Patreon supporter to help me continue making these unfunded educational videos: https://www.paypal.com/donate/?hosted_button_id=4D958V58PAVDU https://www.patreon.com/heroesandlegends https://buymeacoffee.com/infoQh For resources, links to my other videos, merchandise, the latest social media posts and podcast links, please visit my Heroes and Legends Website: www.heroesandlegends.com.au ... https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yRlnDa65NU4