#helium #antimatter #particlephysics
Does antimatter behave differently than ordinary matter? Recently, an experiment conducted on hybrid matter-antimatter atoms has defied researchers’ expectations.So far physicists have found nothing amiss, no sign that antimatter particles—which are just the oppositely charged counterparts of familiar particles—obey different rules.
In 2013, Dr. Anna Sótér was working at the CERN laboratory on a new antimatter experiment. Her group assembled hybrid matter-antimatter atoms by firing antiprotons into liquid helium. How cool is that...literally! Antiprotons are the negatively charged counterparts of protons, so an antiproton could occasionally take an electron’s place orbiting a helium nucleus. The result was a small band of “antiprotonic helium” atoms that could be used to test deviations in the behavior of matter vs. antimatter via differences in their spectra.
Whereas the spectral lines of normal atoms would have behaved completely unpredictably in the dense fluid, broadening by one million times, the antimatter hybrid atoms did the opposite. Below about 2.2 kelvins, where helium becomes a “superfluid,” they saw a line almost as distinct as the best they'd seen in ordinary helium gas. Despite presumably being battered by the surroundings, the Frankenstein matter-antimatter atoms were behaving in unison.
Read the Nature paper about High precision experiments on antiprotonic
helium https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-020-2240-x.epdf?sharing_token=nFwbEHvUWCulCLmfdusrMtRgN0jAjWel9jnR3ZoTv0M7TH4CJltNPltWYz3MYRiHK3Ge8qAHgCMsk5SXFMhLrbRXcE_rgOwOvn4KunA16Oo2Emjn6n8xWcJEI9o7yZSetHtNS5JsDuPykGlbRdcF3zYBl0m_M38gtgTw2-Fo6jWLaiv0YdRXHEaWiaSJWKglaNCO1fX1u6LxVZf9cbWJD0tuFMuCuYwbX02pmeKXOFNZD52vJeM6IEqKG-Q6bp5M5RPDdqJ5vc45yFZvIqX_cJc-5ro2UIriN2XOORcj9QcmOdRhiMMMkuLJwr5kM6Lk&tracking_referrer=www.wired.com
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#SolarPhysics #NSBP #scicomm
Hakeem Oluseyi is an American astrophysicist, cosmologist, inventor, educator, science communicator, author, actor, veteran, and humanitarian. Oluseyi was named a Visiting Robinson Professor at George Mason University in 2021, a distinction by which the university recognizes outstanding faculty.
In 2021, he published an autobiography titled: A Quantum Life: My Unlikely Journey from the Street to the Stars co-authored with Joshua Horwitz. His memoir tells the inspiring unlikely hero's journey story from dealing drugs to dishing out the hardest of hardcore science communication and inspiration!
Hakeem's best known scientific contributions are research on the transfer of mass and energy through the Sun's atmosphere; the development of space-borne observatories for studying astrophysical plasmas and dark energy; and the development of transformative technologies in ultraviolet optics, detectors, computer chips, and ion propulsion.
Hakeem Is the president-elect of the National Society of Black Physicists: https://nsbp.org/page/officers
00:00:00 Intro
00:03:58 Judging his Book By Its Cover
00:08:47 Why study the sun? It's so close! What makes observing it so difficult?
00:12:04 Hakeem's first space shot
00:17:26 Competition in Science - SOHO
00:20:41 The world of cutthroat competition in science
00:30:12 The moral obligation for public science communication.
00:36:07 Art Walker and the importance of mentorship. Pioneering Black scientists.
00:49:47 About doing and dealing drugs
01:01:38 Would you change anything in your past if you could?
01:03:46 What would you put in a time capsule that would last a billion years?
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#Cosmology #CosmicMicrowaveBackground #Supersymmetr MOND Can't Replace Dark Matter! "I don't like the idea of MOND as an alternative to dark matter. And the reason is it's just not the theoretical physics we've been developing...The most elementary things that you can think of are firmly encoded in those mathematical theories."
This episode was a blast. We discussed much!
-Anomalies in Cosmology and Particle Physics
-Breaking Out of the Narrow Range: Brainstorming Tension Resolutions
-The Need for a Research Management Process in Modern Physics
-Solving Astrophysical Puzzles: Interpreting Data and Providing Explanations
-Overlooked and Incredible Measurements in Cosmology
-Theories of Galaxy Formation & Structure: Analyzing Rotation Curves
-The Invariance of Laws in Modern Physics: Debating MOND and Dark Matter
-Measuring the Excess Cosmic Optical Background: The SPHEREx Project
-Reflecting on Losing the Nobel Prize
Marc Kamionkowski is a theoretical physicist, whose research is in cosmology, astrophysics, and elementary-particle theory. His main focus has been on particle dark matter, inflation the cosmic microwave background, and cosmic acceleration. His 1999 paper, A Polarization Pursuer’s Guide inspired Professor Keating to create the BICEP experiment. He is the William R. Kenan, Jr. Professor of Physics at Johns Hopkins University.
00:00:00 Intro
00:04:39 The BICEP 2 Press Conference St. Patrick’s Day 2014 and how Professor Kamionkowski inspired the BICEP collaboration and the story of the well-known cosmology paper: A Polarization Pursuers' Guide, 1999 ( https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/9909281 ), the inspiration for BICEP.
00:06:58 Did you realize the implications of your paper for telescope design at the time? Marc’s proposition to measure the amplitude of primordial gravitational waves, even with a small aperture telescope. The origins of BICEP and the Simons Observatory.
00:15:40 Optical surveys are still a cornerstone of observational cosmology like weak gravitational lensing and comparisons to E/ B mode curl components measurements.
00:17:10 Weak lensing Vs baryonic acoustic oscillations. Methods of measuring the matter distribution of the Universe at galactic scales.
00:19:28 What do you think of Modified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND)? Spoiler alert - not much! One physical theory should work everywhere.
00:23:50 The beauty of broken symmetries and why they are important. However, the underlying theories still hold.
00:28:50 Is a theory of everything possible? Are physicists “lost in math”? What do you think makes good mathematical models? Little attention has been given to alternatives to symmetries in string / super-symmetry theories which have not been productive? Behold the examples of Bohr and Balmer’s formula and the breakthroughs of the 20th century. The price tags and time scales are much bigger now. Don’t abandon the notion of symmetry!
00:34:53 The cosmological principle; should it go away? What would you do if it did? All models are approximations. We have good descriptions.
00:41:00 The social contagion of Eric Lerner and the controversy over the refutation of the Big Bang Theory. https://iai.tv/articles/the-big-bang-didnt-happen-auid-2215 Does it make you re-evaluate the standard model of the Universe?
00:45:5l0 About the Hubble Tension. What is it? Why worry? Or not!
00:52:25 The issue of primordial magnetic fields. Could it be an explanation for the Hubble tension?
00:56:00 Professor Kamionkowski’s explanation of early Dark Energy and his 2018 paper.
00:59:10 Anti-helium and anti-matter clouds
01:01:10 What theoretical physics “crisis” or anomalies should we most focus on? How do you choose? Let’s not all focus on the same problems! What about the cosmic optical background found by the New Horizons Long Range Reconnaissance Imager?
01:10:35 Is there an Axion Persurer’s Guide to be written?
01:12:00 What is the status of the theory of Inflation and where will it go? A field Marc helped initiate.
01:17:50 First existential question: What would you put on your monolith?
01:21:20 What have you changed your mind about?
https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1904836116
#Cosmology #ParticlePhysics #NewHorizons #SPHEREx #Inflation #GoodScience
#universe #podcast #briankeating #intotheimpossible #science #astronomy
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In 1973: a final, top-secret mission was planned to go to the Moon. Three astronauts in a tiny spaceship, a quarter million miles from home. A quarter million miles from help.
NASA is about to launch Apollo 18. While the mission has been billed as a scientific one, flight controller Kazimieras "Kaz" Zemeckis knows there is a darker objective. Intelligence has discovered a secret Soviet space station spying on America, and Apollo 18 may be the only chance to stop it.
But even as Kaz races to keep the NASA crew one step ahead of their Russian rivals, a deadly accident reveals that not everyone involved is quite who they were thought to be. With political stakes stretched to the breaking point, the White House and the Kremlin can only watch as their astronauts collide on the lunar surface, far beyond the reach of law or rescue.
Full of the fascinating technical detail that fans of The Martian loved, and reminiscent of the thrilling claustrophobia, twists, and tension of The Hunt for Red October, The Apollo Murders is a high-stakes thriller unlike any other. Chris Hadfield captures the fierce G-forces of launch, the frozen loneliness of space, and the fear of holding on to the outside of a spacecraft orbiting the Earth at 17,000 miles per hour as only someone who has experienced all of these things in real life can.
Strap in and count down for the ride of a lifetime!
We also discussed touring with David Bowie's band, the time he met Sir Arthur C. Clarke, his dream aviation 'hangar', and even aliens! I found him incredibly vulnerable, authentic, and honest. His thoughts on how best to lead life… and grapple with death plus his His one regret in life.
"An exceptional debut thriller and “exciting journey” into the dark heart of the Cold War and the space race from New York Times bestselling author and astronaut Chris Hadfield" (Andy Weir, author of The Martian and Project Hail Mary), past guest: https://youtu.be/JuoDANMASLc
“Nail-biting . . . I couldn’t put it down.” —James Cameron, writer and director of Avatar and Titanic
Get the Apollo Murders here: https://amzn.to/3aCJLn7
Chris Hadfield OC OOnt MSC CD is a retired Canadian Space Agency (CSA) astronaut, engineer, science communicator, singer, and former fighter pilot. The first Canadian to walk in space, Hadfield has flown two Space Shuttle missions and served as commander of the International Space Station (ISS). Prior to his career as an astronaut, Hadfield served in the Canadian Forces for 25 years as an Air Command fighter pilot.
Hadfield was inspired as a child when he watched the Apollo 11 Moon landing on TV. He attended high school in Oakville and Milton in southern Ontario and earned his glider pilot licence as a member of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets.
In 1992, H
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#time #NobelPrize #Lasers
NIST Fellow William D. Phillips received the 1997 Nobel Prize in Physics “for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light.” He shared the honor with Steven Chu and Claude Cohen-Tannoudji. Their work combined to create some of the most important technologies of modern atomic physics, which thousands of researchers worldwide employ today for a wide variety of applications. Today, he joins us to discuss time keeping throughout history and breakthroughs on the way to the best clocks ever made!
Phillips began his experiments with laser trapping and cooling shortly after he arrived in 1978 at the National Bureau of Standards (the agency that became NIST), with the intent of creating a more accurate atomic clock. Several of his innovations in the following years became landmarks in the field. These included a device using a laser along with a magnetic field to decelerate and cool an atomic beam (the “Zeeman slower”); demonstrating the first device that trapped electrically neutral atoms (a magnetic trap); and measuring a temperature far below that predicted by the accepted theory of laser cooling at the time (known as sub-Doppler cooling).
00:00:00 Intro
00:04:33 Humans bodies and space
00:06:00 A brief history of the second, basic metric of time.
00:17:58 A short history of length.
00:31:14 The history of mass measurement and the kilogram
00:43:41 Quantum electrical measurements
00:50:06 The ampere
00:50:35 The Mole and the Kelvin
00:59:46 What's inside an atom?
01:03:39 Is there something special about fermions?
01:05:00 The Hall effect.
01:05:39 On supersymmetry and string theory.
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I'll review a conversation with the ever fascinating physician and futurist Peter Diamandis on the INTO THE IMPOSSIBLE Podcast.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YjsPb3kBGnk
Topics included
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Will anything ever come of #artificialintelligence besides the end of human dominance in chess, Go, and that annoying Microsoft Paper Clip assistant, 'Clippy'? Explore the possibilities for “AI Feynman” with a cameo by my friend Max Tegmark. See Lawrence’s reaction to “Galil-AI-O”, my proposal for a project involving Galileo Galilei's collected works and GPT-3.
Watch our full conversation here: Lawrence Krauss: The Physics of Everything
https://youtu.be/mumFmyJtfNo
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Kamal Ravikant has trekked to one of the highest base camps in the Himalayas, earned the US Army Infantry patch, walked 550 miles across Spain, lived in Paris, and bungee jumped out of a perfectly good hot air balloon.
Kamal is the only non-black, non-woman member of the Black Women’s writers’ group.
Mr. Ravikant won a San Francisco-wide modeling contest, gotten drunk on the same barstool as Hemingway, co-founded a company with the guy who wrote the first browser, and been fortunate enough to work with some of the smartest investors and engineers in Silicon Valley.
Kamal has written three books, most recently Love Yourself Like Your Life Depends on It, which went viral. Amazing people all over shared it online and on social media. They bought copies for friends and family. They wrote heartfelt reviews. For some, this book literally saved their lives. For others, it was the first time they ever loved themselves.
Subscribe, rate and review his podcast Curious Kamal: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/curious-kamal/id1527632030?i=1000506875484
00:00:00 Begin
00:03:30 Do you see yourself as a scientist? Why do you feel the obligation to teach?
00:09:15 The numerology of your book and the influence of James Altucher. A commitment to writing.
00:14:33 How do you handle the burden of having so many people depending on you?
00:17:33 Discuss the importance of the gym and fitness to you.
00:18:59 A commitment to being honest. And Kamal's painful healing.
About pain and loss.
00:26:43 The importance of innocence.
00:34:06 Is "The Practice" the ultimate personal discipline? The importance of calibration.
00:37:01 Do you believe in the adage: "facke it till you make it"?
00:36:03 Humans are feelings first.
00:42:41 What was your mother's influence on you?
00:46:04 Parenting advice.
00:47:37 On blockchain, bitcoin, technology and the purpose of wealth.
00:55:31 Why do people get "religious" about being pro or con about bitcoin?
A UC San Diego spinout has taken Brian's suggestion and used the blockchain to document scientific research and discovery. See Stuart Volkow's interview with Nanome.ai Co-Founder Steve McCloskey: https://youtu.be/FSmKRmRq6EU
Learn about Matryx here: https://blog.matryx.ai/matryx-calcflow-q2-updates-3c43c058e34d
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Chat with Nobel Prize winner Adam Riess about his team's newest measurements of the 'most important number in cosmology' -- Hubble Constant. Using the Hubble Space Telescope for what it was meant to do, Adam's team continues to make ultra-precise measurements. We'll also explore the Hubble Tension, the future of Hubble now that the James Webb Space Telescope has deployed, and other cosmic conundrums. Adam is a brilliant teacher and a wonderful raconteur. Don't miss your chance to chat with a brilliant scientist about the most important topic in cosmology today!
From CNN:
Measuring the expansion rate of the universe was one of the Hubble Space Telescope’s main goals when it was launched in 1990. Over the past 30 years, the space observatory has helped scientists discover and refine that accelerating rate – as well as uncover a mysterious wrinkle that only brand-new physics may solve.
Hubble has observed more than 40 galaxies that include pulsating stars as well as exploding stars called supernovae to measure even greater cosmic distances. Both of these phenomena help astronomers to mark astronomical distances like mile markers, which have pointed to the expansion rate.
In the quest to understand how quickly our universe expands, astronomers already made one unexpected discovery in 1998: “dark energy.” This phenomenon acts as a mysterious repulsive force that accelerates the expansion rate.
And there is another twist: an unexplained difference between the expansion rate of the local universe versus that of the distant universe right after the big bang.
Scientists don’t understand the discrepancy but acknowledge that it’s weird and could require new physics.
“You are getting the most precise measure of the expansion rate for the universe from the gold standard of telescopes and cosmic mile markers,” said Nobel Laureate Adam Riess at the Space Telescope Science Institute and a distinguished professor at the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, in a statement.
“This is what the Hubble Space Telescope was built to do, using the best techniques we know to do it. This is likely Hubble’s magnum opus, because it would take another 30 years of Hubble’s life to even double this sample size.”
Adam Guy Riess (born December 16, 1969) is an American astrophysicist and Bloomberg Distinguished Professor at Johns Hopkins University and the Space Telescope Science Institute. He is known for his research in using supernovae as cosmological probes. Riess shared both the 2006 Shaw Prize in Astronomy and the 2011 Nobel Prize in Physics with Saul Perlmutter and Brian P. Schmidt for providing evidence that the expansion of the universe is accelerating.
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